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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 February 2018
The nervous system of all vertebrates is built up of long conducting, specialized cells, termed neurons. In order to function, these neurons, or nerve-cells, must be linked together in chains or arcs. Each neuron in the chain or arc is structurally separated from other neurons by a break termed a synapse. The structural elements of a neuronic arc are, therefore, as follows:
1. A sensitive receiving organ—the receptor or sense-organ.
2. A centrally conducting receptor bipolar neuron.
3. One or more short connector or internuncial neurons.
4. A peripherally conducting effector multipolar neuron.
5. An effector apparatus—for example, a muscle or a gland.
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