Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:26:23.238Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lagos in life: placing cities in lived experience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2021

Allen Hai Xiao*
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA

Abstract

Rather than examining what constitutes urban life in a particular city, this paper draws attention to how cities are ‘placed’ along individuals’ life trajectories. The outcome of 15 months of ethnographic research among 102 residents of Lagos's Gowon Estate neighbourhood suggests that Lagos is better understood relationally, through subjective narratives of city life. Given its scale and position among Nigerian cities, the meanings of Lagos to different individuals must be illuminated via an examination of how they ‘place’ those urban places that are important to them – Lagos, hometowns and regional centres – both conceptually and practically within their lived experiences and current livelihoods. In short, this paper exemplifies and advocates a methodology that does not treat cities as a central analytical unit, but instead interprets the meanings of living in cities based on individual inhabitants’ narratives, networks and other aspects of their lived experiences in Lagos and elsewhere.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The author would like to thank Dr Oliver Coates who discussed this paper at the 2019 African Studies Association Annual Conference in Boston, MA. A special gratitude extends to Prof. Matthew Turner who provided insightful comments on the earlier drafts and recommended the paper for the 2020 African Studies Association Graduate Student Paper Prize, which it won.

References

REFERENCES

Abubakar, I. 2014. ‘Abuja, city profile', Cities 41: 8191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adama, O. 2018. ‘Urban imaginaries: funding mega infrastructure projects in Lagos, Nigeria’, GeoJournal 83, 2: 257–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adebanwi, W. 2004. ‘The city, hegemony and ethno-spatial politics: the press and the struggle for Lagos in Colonial Nigeria', Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 9, 4: 2551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adebanwi, W. 2012. ‘Abuja', in Bekker, S. & Therborn, G., eds. Capital Cities in Africa: power and powerlessness. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 84102.Google Scholar
Aina, T.A. & Baker, J.. 1995. The Migration Experience in Africa. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.Google Scholar
Amin, A. 2004. ‘Regions unbound: towards a new politics of place', Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 86, 1: 3344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, J.A. 2001. ‘Mobile workers, urban employment and ‘rural’ identities: rural-urban networks of Buhera migrants, Zimbabwe', in de Bruijn, M., van Dijk, R.A. & Foeken, D., eds. Mobile Africa: changing patterns of movement in Africa and beyond. Leiden: Brill, 89106.Google Scholar
Apter, A. 2005. The Pan-African Nation: oil and the spectacle of culture in Nigeria. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aworawo, D. 2004. ‘The stranger problem and social ferment in Lagos', in Falola, T. & Salim, J., eds. Nigerian Cities. Trenton, NJ: African World Press, 271–92.Google Scholar
Barredo, J.I. & Demicheli, L.. 2003. ‘Urban sustainability in developing countries: megacities: modelling and predicting future urban growth in Lagos', Cities 20, 5: 297310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basinski, S. 2009. ‘All fingers are not equal: a report on Street Vendors in Lagos, Nigeria.’ Lagos: Cleen Foundation.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, C. 2011. ‘Rural–urban migration in West Africa: towards a reversal? Migration trends and economic situation in Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire', Population, Space and Place 17, 1: 4772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, R. & Cooper, F.. 2000. ‘Beyond ‘Identity’’, Theory and Society 29, 1: 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caglar, A. 2006. ‘Hometown associations, the rescaling of state spatiality and migrant grassroots transnationalism', Global Networks 6, 1: 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheeseman, N. & de Gramont, D.. 2017. ‘Managing a mega-city: learning the lessons from Lagos’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33, 3, 457–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, E. & Pratten, D., eds. 2015. Ethnographies of Uncertainty in Africa. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corker, J. 2017. ‘Fertility and child mortality in urban West Africa: leveraging geo-referenced data to move beyond the urban/rural dichotomy', Population, Space and Place 23, 3: 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corral, P., Molini, V. & Oseni, G.. 2015. No Condition is Permanent: middle class in Nigeria in the last decade. Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cresswell, T. 2015. Place: an introduction. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
De Bruijn, M., van Dijk, R.A. & Foeken, D., eds. 2001. Mobile Africa: changing patterns of movement in Africa and beyond. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
De Haan, A., Brock, K. & Coulibaly, N.. 2002. ‘Migration, livelihoods and institutions: contrasting patterns of migration in Mali', Journal of Development Studies 38, 6: 3758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunton, C. 2008. ‘Entropy and energy: Lagos as city of words', Research in African Literatures 39, 2: 6878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourchard, L. 2011. ‘Lagos, Koolhaas and partisan politics in Nigeria', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35, 1: 4056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourchard, L. 2015. ‘Bureaucrats and indigenes: producing and bypassing certificates of origin in Nigeria', Africa 85, 1: 3758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandy, M. 2006. ‘Planning, anti-planning and the infrastructure crisis facing metropolitan Lagos', Urban Studies 43, 2: 371–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, W.T.S. & Prothero, R.M.. 1975. ‘Space and time in African population mobility’, in Kosinski, L. & Prothero, R.M., eds. People on the Move: studies in internal migration. London: Methuen, 3949.Google Scholar
Harneit-Sievers, A. 2006. Constructions of Belonging: Igbo Communities and the Nigerian State in the twentieth century. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Jega, A., ed. 2000. Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.Google Scholar
Joseph, R.A. 1987. Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Koolhaas, R. 2002. ‘Fragments of a lecture on Lagos', in Enwezor, O., ed. Under Siege: four African cities. Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. New York, NY: Distributed Art Publishers, 129151.Google Scholar
Kuper, H., ed. 1965. Urbanization and Migration in West Africa. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, A.M. & Eakin, H.. 2011. ‘An obsolete dichotomy? rethinking the rural–urban interface in terms of food security and production in the Global South', The Geographical Journal 177, 4: 311–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lubeck, P.M. 1986. Islam and Urban Labor in Northern Nigeria: the making of a Muslim working class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mabogunje, A.L. 1968. Urbanization in Nigeria. London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Mang, H.G. & Ehrhardt, D.. 2018. ‘The politics of paper: negotiating over and around indigeneship certification in Plateau State, Nigeria', Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue canadienne des études africaines 52, 3: 331–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, D. 1994. Space, Place and Gender. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Massey, D., Allen, J. & Sarre, P., eds. 1999. Human Geography Today. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Meagher, K. 2010. Identity Economics: social networks and the informal economy in Nigeria. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Mercer, D.C., Page, B. & Evans, M., eds. 2008. Development and the African diaspora: place and the politics of home. London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishler, E. 2006. ‘Narrative and identity: the double arrow of time', in De Fina, A., Schiffrin, D. & Bamberg, M., eds. Discourse and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M.J. 2011. City of Extremes: the spatial politics of Johannesburg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M. & Myers, G., eds. 2007. Cities in Contemporary Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Newell, S. 2012. The Modernity Bluff: crime, consumption, and citizenship in Côte d'Ivoire. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuttall, S. and Mbembe, A., eds. 2008. Johannesburg: the elusive metropolis. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nzegwu, N. 1996. ‘Bypassing New York in re-presenting Eko: production of space in a Nigerian city', in King, A.D., ed. Re-Presenting the City. New York, NY: New York University Press, 111–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, G. 2006. ‘The megacity: decoding the chaos of Lagos', The New Yorker, 13 November.Google Scholar
Page, B. 2007. ‘Slow going: the mortuary, modernity and the Home-Town Association in Bali-Nyonga, Cameroon’, Africa 77, 3: 419–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peil, M. 1991. Lagos: the city is the people. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall & Co.Google Scholar
Pierce, J., Martin, D. & Murphy, J.. 2011. ‘Relational place-making: the networked politics of place', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 36, 1: 5470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pieterse, D.E. & Parnell, S.. 2014. Africa's Urban Revolution. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Potts, D. 2009. ‘The slowing of Sub-Saharan Africa's urbanization: evidence and implications for urban livelihoods', Environment and Urbanization 21, 1: 253–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potts, D. 2010. Circular Migration in Zimbabwe & Contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Potts, D. 2012. ‘Challenging the myths of urban dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa: the evidence from Nigeria', World Development 40, 7: 1382–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, J.C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: hidden transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sheba, A. 2015. ‘Oba Akiolu and election balance in Lagos', The Guardian, <https://guardian.ng/opinion/oba-akiolu-and-election-balance-in-lagos/>, accessed 22 October 2020.Google Scholar
Sheller, M. & Urry, J.. 2006. ‘The new mobilities paradigm', Environment and Planning A 38, 2: 207–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simone, A. 2004. For the City Yet to Come: changing African life in four cities. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, D.J. 2005. ‘Legacies of Biafra: marriage, ‘home people’ and reproduction among the Igbo of Nigeria', Africa 75, 1: 3045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spronk, R. 2012. Ambiguous Pleasures: sexuality and middle class self-perceptions in Nairobi. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Todaro, M.P. 1971. ‘Income expectations, rural-urban migration and employment in Africa', International Labor Review 104, 5: 421–44.Google Scholar
Trager, L. 2001. Yoruba Hometowns: community, identity, and development in Nigeria. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
UN DESA. 2019. World Population Prospects 2019. New York, NY: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs.Google Scholar
Weiss, B. 2009. Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barbershops: global fantasy in urban Tanzania. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, B. 2012. Migrants and Strangers in an African City: exile, dignity, belonging. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar