Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T02:56:18.616Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) Ground Monitor Design to Estimate Satellite Orbits and Clocks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

Yawei Zhai*
Affiliation:
(Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China)
Jaymin Patel
Affiliation:
(Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA)
Xingqun Zhan
Affiliation:
(Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China)
Mathieu Joerger
Affiliation:
(The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA)
Boris Pervan
Affiliation:
(Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA)

Abstract

This paper describes a method to determine global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) satellite orbits and clocks for advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM). The orbit and clock estimates will be used as a reference truth to monitor signal-in-space integrity parameters of the ARAIM integrity support message (ISM). Unlike publicly available orbit and clock products, which aim to maximise estimation accuracy, a straightforward and transparent approach is employed to facilitate integrity evaluation. The proposed monitor is comprised of a worldwide network of sparsely distributed reference stations and will employ parametric satellite orbit models. Two separate analyses, covariance analysis and model fidelity evaluation, are carried out to assess the impact of measurement errors and orbit model uncertainty on the estimated orbits and clocks, respectively. The results indicate that a standard deviation of 30 cm can be achieved for the estimated orbit/clock error, which is adequate for ISM validation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Blanch, J., Walter, T., Enge, P., Pervan, B., Joerger, M., Khanafseh, S., Burns, J., Alexander, K., Boyero, J., Lee, Y., Kropp, V., Milner, C., Macabiau, C., Suard, N., Berz, G. and Rippl, M. (2014). Architectures for Advanced RAIM: Offline and Online. Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2014), Tampa, Florida, 787–804.Google Scholar
Blanch, J., Walter, T., Enge, P., Lee, Y., Pervan, B., Rippl, M., Spletter, A. and Kropp, V. (2015). Baseline advanced RAIM user algorithm and possible improvements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 51, 713732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanch, J., Walter, T. and Enge, P. (2017). A MATLAB Toolset to Determine Strict Gaussian Bounding Distributions of a Sample Distribution. Proceedings of the 30th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017), Portland, Oregon, 4236–4247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. G. and Hwang, P. Y. C. (2012). Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman Filtering. 4th ed.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Crassidis, J. and Junkins, J. (2004). Optimal Estimation of Dynamic Systems. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeCleene, B. (2000). Defining Pseudorange Integrity - Overbounding. Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2000), Salt Lake City, UT, 19161924.Google Scholar
EU-US Cooperation (2015). ARAIM Technical Subgroup Milestone 2 Report. EU-U.S. Cooperation on Satellite Navigation, Working Group C. Available at: https://www.gps.gov/policy/cooperation/europe/2015/working-group-c/ARAIM-milestone-2-report.pdfGoogle Scholar
FAA. (2010). Phase II of the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study. FAA report, February 2010. Available at: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/library/documents/media/GEASPhaseII_Final.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gelb, A. (2001). Applied Optimal Estimation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Gibbons, G. (2012). Munich Summit Charts Progress of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou GNSSes. Inside GNSS, 20 March 2012.Google Scholar
Heng, L. (2012). Safe satellite navigation with multiple constellations: global monitoring of GPS and GLONASS signal-in-space anomalies. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Joerger, M. (2009). Carrier phase GPS augmentation using laser scanners and using low earth orbiting satellites. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Joerger, M., Chan, F.-C. and Pervan, B. (2014). Solution separation versus residual-based RAIM. NAVIGATION, 61(4), 273291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joerger, M., Zhai, Y. and Pervan, B. (2015). Online Monitor Against Clock and Orbit Ephemeris Faults in ARAIM. Proceedings of the ION 2015 Pacific PNT Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 932–945.Google Scholar
Khanafseh, S., Joerger, M., Chan, F. and Pervan, B. (2015). ARAIM integrity support message parameter validation by online ground monitoring. The Journal of Navigation, 68(2), 327337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanafseh, S., Kujur, B., Joerger, M., Walter, T., Pullen, S., Blanch, J., Doherty, K., Norman, L., Groot, L. and Pervan, B. (2018). GNSS Multipath Error Modeling for Automotive Applications. Proceedings of the 31st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2018), Miami, FL, pp. 1573–1589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leandro, R., Santos, M. and Langley, R. (2006). UNB Neutral Atmosphere Models: Development and Performance. Proceedings of the 2006 National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Monterey, CA, 564573.Google Scholar
Lee, Y. C. (1986). Analysis of Range and Position Comparison Methods as a Means to Provide GPS Integrity in the User Receiver. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Seattle, WA, 1–4.Google Scholar
Lee, Y., Van Dyke, K., DeCleene, B., Studenny, J. and Beckmann, M. (1996). Summary of RTCA SC-159 GPS Integrity Working Group activities. NAVIGATION, 43(3), 307362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malys, S., Larezos, M., Gottschalk, S., Mobbs, S., Winn, B., Feess, W., Menn, M., Swift, E., Merrigan, M. and Mathon, W. (1997). The GPS Accuracy Improvement Initiative. Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1997), Kansas City, MO, 375384.Google Scholar
Parkinson, B. W. and Axelrad, P. (1988). Autonomous GPS integrity monitoring using the pseudorange residual. NAVIGATION, 35(2), 255274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perea, S., Meurer, M., Rippl, M., Belabbas, B. and Joerger, M. (2017). URA/SISA analysis for GPS and Galileo to support ARAIM. NAVIGATION, 64(2), 237254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pervan, B. (1996). Navigation integrity for aircraft precision landing using the global positioning system. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Pervan, B., Khanafseh, S. and Patel, J. (2017). Test Statistic Auto- and Cross-correlation Effects on Monitor False Alert and Missed Detection Probabilities. Proceedings of the 2017 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Monterey, CA, 562–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rife, J., Pullen, S., Enge, P. and Pervan, B. (2006). Paired overbounding for nonideal LAAS and WAAS error distributions. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 42(4), 13861395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RTCA Special Committee 159. (1991). Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using Global Positioning System (GPS). RTCA/DO-208.Google Scholar
RTCA Special Committee 159. (2006). Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment. RTCA/DO-229D.Google Scholar
US Air Force. (2013). Interface Specification IS-GPS-200. Global Positioning System Directorate, Systems Engineering and Integration, Revision H. Available at: https://www.gps.gov/technical/icwg/IS-GPS-200H.pdfGoogle Scholar
US DOD. (2008). Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence. Available at: https://www.gps.gov/technical/ps/2008-SPS-performance-standard.pdfGoogle Scholar
Walter, T. and Blanch, J. (2015). Keynote: Characterization of GNSS Clock and Ephemeris Errors to Support ARAIM. Proceedings of the ION 2015 Pacific PNT Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 920931.Google Scholar
Walter, T., Gunning, K. and Blanch, J. (2017). Keynote: Validation of the Unfaulted Error Bounds for ARAIM. Proceedings of the ION 2017 Pacific PNT Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, T., Gunning, K., Phelts, E. and Blanch, J. (2018). Validation of the Unfaulted Error Bounds for ARAIM. NAVIGATION, 65(1), 117133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, Y. (2018). Ensuring navigation integrity and continuity using multi-constellation GNSS. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Zhai, Y., Kiarash, S., Jamoom, M., Joerger, M. and Pervan, B. (2017). A Dedicated ARAIM Ground Monitor to Validate the Integrity Support Message. Proceedings of the 30th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017), Portland, Oregon, 10631076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, Y., Joerger, M. and Pervan, B. (2018). Fault exclusion in multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems. The Journal of Navigation, 71(6), 12811298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar