Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:22:19.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Initial Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning with Triple-Frequency Observations from BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2020

Wenjie Zhang ,
Hongzhen Yang Open the ORCID record for Hongzhen Yang [Opens in a new window] ,
Chen He ,
Zhiqiang Wang ,
Weiping Shao ,
Yongfeng Zhang  and
Jing Wang
Wenjie Zhang
Affiliation:
(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Huanglong Road 8, Hangzhou310000, Zhejiang, China)
Hongzhen Yang*
Affiliation:
(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Huanglong Road 8, Hangzhou310000, Zhejiang, China)
Chen He
Affiliation:
(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Huanglong Road 8, Hangzhou310000, Zhejiang, China)
Zhiqiang Wang
Affiliation:
(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Huanglong Road 8, Hangzhou310000, Zhejiang, China)
Weiping Shao
Affiliation:
(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Huanglong Road 8, Hangzhou310000, Zhejiang, China)
Yongfeng Zhang
Affiliation:
(Wuhan Panda Space Time Technology Co., Ltd., Room 1406, Rongke, Luoyu Center, Luoyu Road 95, Wuhan430000, Hubei, China)
Jing Wang
Affiliation:
(Suzhou Institute, Beihang University, Daoyuan Road 18, Suzhou215000, Jiangsu, China)
*
(E-mail: henrry007@163.com)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation of the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of a combined solution from BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. To simultaneously process different BDS signal observations, i.e., B1/B1C, B2/B2a and B3C, undifferenced and uncombined observations with ionosphere delay constrained by the deterministic plus stochastic ionosphere model are used in the basic model. Special attention is paid to code bias and receiver clock parameters in the derivation of the observation model. The analysis is carried out using more than one-month data for BDS-2 and BDS-3 collected at the CANB, DWIN, KNDY and PETH stations in the Asia-Pacific region. The results suggest that compared with BDS-2 alone, the BDS-2 and BDS-3 solution provides significantly more accurate PPP, with increases of 28%, 21% and 5% in the up, north and east directions, respectively. In addition, the average root mean square error decreases to 0·21, 0·13 and 0·16 m for the three directions. Furthermore, the PPP convergence time for BDS-2 and BDS-3 is about 1·5 h and less than 1 h for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively, whereas that for BDS-2 alone is about 2·3 h for both directions.

Keywords

BDS-2BDS-3PPPUndifferenced and uncombined observation modelDESIGN
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 763 - 775
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Cai, C. and Gao, Y. (2007). Precise point positioning using combined GPS and GLONASS observations. Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 6(1), 13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ge, M., Zhang, H., Jia, X., Song, S., and Wickert, J. (2012). What is achievable with current COMPASS constellations? Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2012), 331–339. Institute of Navigation, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Gu, S., Shi, C., Lou, Y., Feng, Y., and Ge, M. (2013). Generalized-positioning for mixed-frequency of mixed-GNSS and its preliminary applications. China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2013 Proceedings, Vol. 244, 399–428. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37404-3_35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, S., Lou, Y., Shi, C., and Liu, J. (2015a). BeiDou phase bias estimation and its application in precise point positioning with triple-frequency observable. Journal of Geodesy, 89(10), 979–992. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0827-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, S., Shi, C., Lou, Y., and Liu, J. (2015b). Ionospheric effects in uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixed PPP based on raw observable model. Journal of Geodesy, 89(5), 447–457. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0789-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heki, K., Miyazaki, S., Takahashi, H., Kasahara, M., Kimata, F., Miura, S., Vasilenko, N., Ivashchenko, A., and An, K. (1999). The Amurian Plate motion and current plate kinematics in eastern Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 104(B12), 29147–29155. http://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, C., Wang, Q., Wang, Z., and Hernández Moraleda, A. (2018). New-generation BeiDou (BDS-3) experimental satellite precise orbit determination with an improved cycle-slip detection and repair algorithm. Sensors, 18 (5), 1402. http://doi.org/10.3390/s18051402Google ScholarPubMed
Kouba, J. and Héroux, P. (2001). Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solutions, 5(2), 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lou, Y., Zheng, F., Gu, S., Wang, C., Guo, H., and Feng, Y. (2015). Multi-GNSS precise point positioning with raw single-frequency and dual-frequency measurement models. GPS Solutions, 20(4), 849–862. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0495-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lou, Y., Gong, X., Gu, S., Zheng, F., and Feng, Y. (2016). Assessment of code bias variations of BDS triple-frequency signals and their impacts on ambiguity resolution for long baselines. GPS Solutions, 21(1), 177–186. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0514-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, X., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., and Xu, T. (2017). Orbit determination of the next-generation Beidou satellites with intersatellite link measurements and a priori orbit constraints. Advances in Space Research, 60(10), 2155–2165. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.08.024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schönemann, E., Becker, M. and Springer, T. (2011). A new approach for GNSS analysis in a multi-GNSS and multi-signal environment. Journal of Geodetic Science, 1(3), 204–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, C., Lou, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, Q., Geng, J., Wang, R., Fang, R., and Liu, J. (2010). Seismic deformation of the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from high-rate GPS observations. Advances in Space Research, 46(2), 228–235. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, C., Yi, W., Song, W., Lou, Y., Yao, Y., and Zhang, R. (2013). GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases and their effects on combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 17(4), 439–451. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0332-xGoogle Scholar
Shi, C., Zheng, F., Lou, Y., Gu, S., Zhang, W., Dai, X., Li, X., Guo, H., and Gong, X. (2017). National BDS Augmentation Service System (NBASS) of China: progress and assessment. Remote Sensing, 9(8), 837. http://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080837Google Scholar
Shi, C., Guo, S., Gu, S., Yang, X., Gong, X., Deng, Z., Ge, M., and Schuh, H. (2018). Multi-GNSS satellite clock estimation constrained with oscillator noise model in the existence of data discontinuity. Journal of Geodesy, 34(6). http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1178-3Google Scholar
Teunissen, P. and Montenbruck, O. (2017). Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systema. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J.T., Wu, S.C., Hajj, G.A., Bertiger, W.I., Lichten, S.M. (1993). Effects of antenna orientation on GPS carrier phase. Manuscr Geod, 18, 91–98.Google Scholar
Xie, X., Geng, T., Zhao, Q., Liu, J., and Wang, B. (2017). Performance of BDS-3: measurement quality analysis, precise orbit and clock determination. Sensors, 17(6). http://doi.org/10.3390/s17061233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, Y., Xu, Y., Li, J., and Yang, C. (2018). Progress and performance evaluation of BeiDou global navigation satellite system: data analysis based on BDS-3 demonstration system. Science China Earth Sciences, 61(5), 614–624. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9186-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, X., Gu, S., Gong, X., Song, W., Lou, Y., and Liu, J. (2019). Regional BDS satellite clock estimation with triple-frequency ambiguity resolution based on undifferenced observation. GPS Solutions, 23(2), 1083. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0828-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, F., Yuan, Y. and Ou, J. (2018). Initial orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites based on new code signals. Geodesy and Geodynamics, in press. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2018.06.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X., Li, X., Lu, C., Wu, M., and Pan, L. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of satellite-induced code bias for BDS-3 satellites and signals. Advances in Space Research, in press. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.11.031Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Teunissen, P., Yuan, Y., Zhang, H., and Li, M. (2018). Joint estimation of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) using low-cost receivers. Journal of Geodesy, 92(4), 401–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q., Wang, Y., Gu, S., Zheng, F., Shi, C., Ge, M., and Schuh, H. (2018). Refining ionospheric delay modeling for undifferenced and uncombined GNSS data processing. Journal of Geodesy, 56(3), 209–216. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1180-9Google Scholar
Zheng, F., Lou, Y., Gu, S., Gong, X., and Shi, C. (2017). Modeling tropospheric wet delays with national GNSS reference network in China for BeiDou precise point positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 20(2), 187–16. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1080-4Google Scholar
Zhou, F., Dong, D., Ge, M., Li, P., Wickert, J., and Schuh, H. (2018). Simultaneous estimation of glonass pseudorange inter-frequency biases in precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations. GPS Solutions, 22(1), 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zumberge, J., Heflin, M., Jefferson, D., Watkins, M., and Webb, F. (1997). Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 102(B3), 5005–5017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar