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Devonian bryozoan diversity, extinctions, and originations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Alan S. Horowitz ,
Joseph F. Pachut  and
Robert L. Anstey
Alan S. Horowitz
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1005 East 10th Street, Bloomington 47405
Joseph F. Pachut
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis 46202
Robert L. Anstey
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, 206 Natural Sciences Building, East Lansing 48824
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Abstract

Observed diversity of bryozoans within Devonian stages is not significantly different from range-through values for species because very few species have ranges longer than a single stage. Generic diversity differs significantly between observed stadial and stadial range-through values except for the diverse Givetian faunas. Among families, observed stadial and range-through comparisons differ significantly in the lower diversity Early and Late Devonian but are not significant in the taxonomically diverse Middle Devonian. The patterns of Devonian generic and familial diversity are apparently robust proxies for specific diversity.

Givetian specific and generic extinctions, based on generated bootstrap distributions, are significantly higher than the other six Devonian stages even when modifications for different stage durations are considered. Based on present data, we conclude that a major change in Devonian diversity occurred between the Givetian and the Frasnian stages. Givetian specific and generic extinctions are not “smeared” with respect to adjacent stages and should qualify as a mass extinction among bryozoans pending more accurate data on bryozoan ranges and more precision in radiometric dating of Devonian stadial boundaries. Devonian bryozoan familial extinctions are not numerous and do not exhibit a significant number of extinctions for any stage. The Givetian extinction, which for the time being ranks as the largest bryozoan extinction in the Phanerozoic, is a global event with a marked local effect in the Hamilton-Tully fauna of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ontario.

Givetian specific originations are significantly higher than bootstrap distributions for both raw data and data modified for stadial durations. A Givetian generic high in originations for raw data is not significant when modified for stadial durations and only Eifelian familial originations are significantly higher than bootstrapped distributions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , May 1996 , pp. 373 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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