Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:25:08.836Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Late Santonian megaspore floras from the Gulf Coastal Plain (Georgia, USA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Richard Lupia*
Affiliation:
Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA,

Abstract

Fossil megaspore floras from the Late Cretaceous of North America have been studied extensively, but primarily from the Western Interior Basin. Two new megaspore floras are described from eastern North America along the Gulf Coastal Plain. Cumulatively, 10 genera and 16 species of megaspores are recognized from Allon, Georgia and along Upatoi Creek, Georgia (both late Santonian in age, ~84 Ma). Megaspores identified have affinities to both heterosporous lycopsids, e.g., Erlansonisporites, Minerisporites, and Paxillitriletes, and to heterosporous ferns, e.g., Ariadnaesporites, and Molaspora. Lycopsid megaspores are more diverse than fern megaspores in the Allon and the Upatoi Creek floras. Two new species—Erlansonisporites confundus n. sp. and Erlansonisporites potens n. sp.—are proposed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Batten, D. J. 1969. Some British Wealden megaspores and their facies distribution. Palaeontology, 12:333350.Google Scholar
Batten, D. J. 1988. Revision of S. J. Dijkstra's Late Cretaceous megaspores and other plant microfossils from Limburg, The Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 41-3:155.Google Scholar
Batten, D. J. and Kovach, W. L. 1990. Catalog of Mesozoic and Tertiary megaspores. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contribution Series 24:1227.Google Scholar
Batten, D. J., Dutta, R. J., and Collinson, M. E. 1996. Differentiation, affinities and palaeoenvironmental significance of the megaspores Arcellites and Bohemisporites in Wealden and other Cretaceous successions. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 17:3965.Google Scholar
Bergad, R. D. 1978. Ultrastructural studies of selected North American Cretaceous megaspores of Minerisporites, Erlansonisporites, Horstisporites, and Ricinospora, n. gen. Palynology, 2:3951.Google Scholar
Binda, P. L. and Nambudiri, E. M. V. 1988. Two new species of Erlansonisporites from the Whitemud Formation (Maastrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Pollen et Spores, 30:231242.Google Scholar
Bingham, P. S., Svarda, C. E., Knight, T. K., and Lewis, R. D. 2008. Character and genesis of the Ingersoll Shale, a compact continental fossil-lagerstätte, upper Cretaceous Eutaw Formation, eastern Alabama. Palaios, 23:391401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, N. L. 1901. Manual of Flora of the Northern United States and Canada. Henry Holt, New York, 1080 p.Google Scholar
Burnett, J. A. 1996. Nannofossils and Upper Cretaceous stage boundaries. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 18:2332.Google Scholar
Christopher, R. A., Self-Trail, J. M., Prowell, D. C., and Gohn, G. S. 1999. The stratigraphic importance of the Late Cretaceous pollen genus Sohlipollis gen. nov. in the Coastal Plain province: South Carolina. Geology, 41:2744.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. E. 1991. Diversification of modern heterosporous pteridophytes, p. 119150. In Blackmore, S. and Barnes, S.H. (eds.), Pollen and Spores: Patterns of diversification. Systematics Association Special Volume 44. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Cookson, I. C. and Dettmann, M. E. 1958. Cretaceous “megaspores” and a closely associated microspore from the Australian region. Micropaleontology, 4:3949.Google Scholar
Dettmann, M. E. 1963. Upper Mesozoic microfloras from south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 77:1148.Google Scholar
Dettmann, M. E. 1995. Ultrastructure and biogeography of Balmeisporites Cookson and Dettmann, 1958. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 89:287296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, S. J. 1949. Megaspores and some other fossils from the Aachenian (Senonian) in South Limburg, Netherlands. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting Nieuwe Serie, 3:1933, 2 pls.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, S. J. 1951. Wealden megaspores and their stratigraphic value. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting Nieuwe Serie, 5:722, 2 pls.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, S. J. 1961. On megaspores, charophyta fruits and some other small fossils from the Cretaceous. The Paleobotanist, 8:818, 2 pls.Google Scholar
Dimichele, W. A. and Bateman, R. M. 1996. The rhizomorphic lycopsids: a case-study in paleobotanical classification. Systematic Botany, 21:535552.Google Scholar
Ellis, C.H. and Tschudy, R. H. 1964. The Cretaceous megaspore genus Arcellites Miner. Micropaleontology, 10:7379.Google Scholar
Floquet, M. and Lachkar, G. 1979. Précisions stratigraphiques, paléogéographiques et premières descriptions de mégaspores dans le cénomanien supérior en Espagne de nord. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 22:134155.Google Scholar
Gunther, P. R. and Hills, L. V. 1972. Megaspores and other palynomorphs of the Brazeau Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Nordegg area, Alberta. Geoscience and Man, 4:2948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. W. 1963. Megaspores and other fossils in the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian) of Iowa, (U.S.A.). Pollen et Spores, 5:425443.Google Scholar
Hall, J. W. 1967. Two new species of Ariadnaesporites . Pollen et Spores, 9:563568.Google Scholar
Hall, J. W. and Nicholson, D. H. 1973. Paxillitriletes, a new name for fossil megaspores hitherto invalidly named Thomsonia . Taxon, 22:319320.Google Scholar
Hall, J. W. and Peake, N. M. 1968. Megaspore assemblages in the Cretaceous of Minnesota. Micropaleontology, 14:456464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1935. The fossil flora of Scoresby Sound, East Greenland. Part 4: Ginkgoales, Coniferales, Lycopodiales and isolated fructifications. Meddelelser om Grønland, 112:1176, 29 pls.Google Scholar
Harris, T. M. 1961. The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora I. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedlund, R. W. 1966. Palynology of the Red Branch Member of the Woodbine Formation. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 112:169.Google Scholar
Herendeen, P. S., Magallón-Puebla, S., Lupia, R., Crane, P. R., and Kobylinska, J. 1999. A preliminary conspectus of the Allon flora from the Late Cretaceous (Late Santonian) of central Georgia, U.S.A. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86:407471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huddleston, J. F. and Hetrick, J. H. 1991. The stratigraphic framework of the Fort Valley Plateau and the Central Georgia Kaolin District. Georgia Geological Society Guidebook, 11:119.Google Scholar
Hughes, N. F. 1955. Wealden plant microfossils. Geological Magazine, 92:201217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, N. F. 1994. The Enigma of Angiosperm Origins. Cambridge University Press, New York, 303 p.Google Scholar
Knobloch, E. 1984a. Megasporen aus der Kreide von Mitteleuropa. Sbornik geol Ved, Paleont, 26:157195.Google Scholar
Knobloch, E. 1984b. Megasporen aus der Kreide (Oberconiak-Santon) der Borhung Volfartice (Nordböhmen). Casopis pro Mineralogii a geologii, 29:155165.Google Scholar
Koppelhus, E. B. and Batten, D. J. 1989. Late Cretaceous megaspores from southern Sweden: morphology and paleonvironmental significance. Palynology, 13:91120.Google Scholar
Kovach, W. L. and Batten, D. J. 1993. Diversity changes in lycopsid and aquatic fern megaspores through geologic time. Paleobiology, 19:2842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovach, W. L. and Dilcher, D. L. 1988. Megaspores and other dispersed plant remains from the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian) of Kansas, U.S.A. Palynology, 12:89119.Google Scholar
Krassilov, V. and Goloneva, L. 2000. A new order of heterosporous plants from the Late Cretaceous of the Kem' River, Western Siberia. Paleontological Journal, 34:8997.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. B. and Poiret, J. L. M. 1783. Encyclopedie Methodique: Botanique. Volume 1. Panckouche, Paris, 752 p.Google Scholar
Li, W.-B., Batten, D. J., Zhang, D., and Zhang, L. 1987. Early Cretaceous megaspores from the Jalainor Group of northeast Inner Mongolia, P. R. China. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 206:117135.Google Scholar
Lupia, R., Schneider, H., Moeser, G. M., Pryer, K. M., and Crane, P. R. 2000. Marsileaceae sporocarps and spores from the Late Cretaceous of Georgia, U.S.A. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 161:975988.Google Scholar
Madler, K. 1954. Azolla aus dem Quartär und Tertiär sowie ihre Bedeutung für die Taxonomie älterer Sporen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, 70:143158.Google Scholar
Magallón-Puebla, S., Herendeen, P. S., and Crane, P. R. 1996. Allonia decandra: floral remains of the tribe Hamemelidae (Hamemelidaceae) from Campanian strata of southeastern U.S.A. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 202:177198.Google Scholar
Marcinkiewicz, T. 1971. Stratygrafia retyku I liasu w Polsce na podstawie badan megasporowych. Instytut Geologiczny, Prace, 65:157, 22 pls.Google Scholar
Miner, E. L. 1932. Megaspores ascribed to Selaginellites, from the Upper Cretaceous coals of western Greenland. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 22:497506.Google Scholar
Miner, E. L. 1935. Paleobotanical examinations of Cretaceous and Tertiary coals. American Midland Naturalist, 16:585625.Google Scholar
Nowak, M. D. and Lupia, R. 2005. Reinvestigation of Ariadnaesporites varius Hall and Peake, 1968, emend. Hall, 1975. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 135:4159.Google Scholar
Paden Phillips, P. and Felix, C. J. 1971. A study of the Lower and Middle Cretaceous spores and pollen from the southeastern United States. I. Spores. Pollen et Spores, 13:279348.Google Scholar
Pocock, S. A. 1962. Microfloral analysis and age determination of strata at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Western Canada plains. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 111:195.Google Scholar
Potter, D. R. 1963. An emendation of the sporomorph genus Arcellites Miner, 1935. Oklahoma Geology Notes, 23:227230.Google Scholar
Potonié, R. 1956. Synopsis der Gattungen der Sporae dispersae: I. Teil: Sporites. Beihefte zum Geolischen Jahrbuch, 23:1103.Google Scholar
Prantl, K. A. E. 1874. Lehrbuch der Botanik. Leipzig, 350 p.Google Scholar
Punt, W., Hoen, P. P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., and Le Thomas, A. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 143:181.Google Scholar
Schemel, M. P. 1950. Cretaceous plant microfossils from Iowa. American Journal of Botany, 37:750754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Séguier, J. F. 1754. Plantae Veronenses. Volume 3. Veronae, 312 p.Google Scholar
Sims, H. J., Herendeen, P. S., and Crane, P. R. 1998. New genus of fossil Fagaceae from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of central Georgia. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 159:391404.Google Scholar
Sims, H. J., Herendeen, P. S., Lupia, R., Christopher, R. A., and Crane, P. R. 1999. Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Late Cretaceous of southeastern North America. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 106:131151.Google Scholar
Singh, S. 1964. Microflora of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group, east-central Alberta. Alberta Research Council, Bulletin, 15:1239.Google Scholar
Singh, S. 1983. Cenomanian microfloras of the Peace River area, northwestern Alberta. Alberta Research Council, Bulletin, 44:1322.Google Scholar
Smith, A. R., Pryer, K. M., Schultzpeltz, E., Schneider, H., Korall, P., and Wolf, P. G. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon, 55:705731.Google Scholar
Snead, R. G. 1969. Microfloral diagnosis of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, central Alberta. Bulletin of the Research Council of Alberta, 25:1148.Google Scholar
Speelman, J. D. and Hills, L. V. 1980. Megaspore paleoecology: Pakowki, Foremost, and Oldman Formations (Upper Cretaceous), southeastern Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 28:522541.Google Scholar
Srivastava, S. K. 1967. Palynology of Late Cretaceous mammal beds, Scollard (Alberta Canada). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 3:133150.Google Scholar
Srivastava, S. K. 1978. The Cretaceous megaspore genus Ghoshispora . Paleontographica Abteilung B, 167:175184.Google Scholar
Sweet, A. R. 1979. Jurassic and Cretaceous megaspores. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contribution Series, 5B:130.Google Scholar
Takahashi, M., Crane, P. R., and Ando, H. 2001. Fossil megaspores of Marsileales and Selaginellales from the upper Coniacian to lower Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Tamagawa Formation (Kuji Group) in northeastern Japan. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162:431439.Google Scholar
Tschudy, R. H. 1966. Associated megaspores and microspores of the Cretaceous genus Ariadnaesporites Potonié, 1956, emend. United Stated Geological Survey Professional Paper, 550:D76D82, 4 pls. Google Scholar
Tschudy, R. H. 1975. The megaspore genus Henrisporites from the Cretaceous of Massachusetts. Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, 3:1520.Google Scholar
Tschudy, R. H. 1976. Stratigraphic distribution of species of the megaspore genus Minerisporites in North America. United Stated Geological Survey Professional Paper, 743:E1E11, 4 pls. Google Scholar
van der Hammen, T. 1955. Principios para la nomenclatura palinológica sistematica. Boletin Geologico, 2:321.Google Scholar