Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:17:42.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The earliest reef-building anthaspidellid sponge Rankenella zhangxianensis n. sp. from the Zhangxia Formation (Cambrian Series 3), Shandong Province, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2016

Jeong-Hyun Lee ,
Jusun Woo  and
Dong-Jin Lee
Jeong-Hyun Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 〈jeonghyunlee@cnu.ac.kr〉
Jusun Woo
Affiliation:
Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea 〈jusunwoo@kopri.re.kr〉
Dong-Jin Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea 〈djlee@andong.ac.kr〉 College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, People’s Republic of China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study reports the earliest known reef-building anthaspidellid sponge, Rankenella zhangxianensis n. sp., from the Cambrian Series 3 (late Stage 5–early Guzhangian) deposit of the Zhangxia Formation, Shandong Province, China. Rankenella zhangxianensis mostly occurs within Epiphyton-Rankenella-Cambroctoconus reefs, with minor occurrence from inter-reef grainstone. The species has anthaspidellid-type regular ladderlike spicule networks consisting of dendroclones and trabs, and is characterized by trabs parallel/subparallel to the gastral surface that diverge and meet the dermal surface, which is typical of the genus. Compared to R. mors and R. hamdii, reported from the late Cambrian Series 2–late Cambrian Series 3 of Australia and the late Cambrian Series 3–early Furongian of Iran, respectively, R. zhangxianensis is characterized by a relatively thicker wall, high angle (~90°) between dermal surfaces and intersecting trabs, and minor occurrence of differentiated canals. On the other hand, R. zhangxianensis mainly shows obconical shape, which is far less diverse than the other two species showing conicocylindrical, digitate, explanate, or bowl shapes. These Cambrian Series 3 reefs from China are the ancestors of the Furongian anthaspidellid-microbial reefs and the Early Ordovician anthaspidellid-microbial reefs that flourished worldwide. They represent the resurgence of reef-building metazoans after the extinction of archaeocyaths at the end of Cambrian Series 2.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 90 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adachi, N., Ezaki, Y., and Liu, J., 2011, Early Ordovician shift in reef construction from microbial to metazoan reefs: Palaios, v. 26, p. 106–114.Google Scholar
Adachi, N., Ezaki, Y., Liu, J., and Cao, J., 2009, Early Ordovician reef construction in Anhui Province, South China: a geobiological transition from microbial- to metazoan-dominant reefs: Sedimentary Geology, v. 220, p. 1–11.Google Scholar
Beresi, M.S., and Rigby, J.K., 1994, Sponges and chancelloriids from the Cambrian of western Argentina: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 208–217.Google Scholar
Bornemann, J.G., 1886, Die Versteinerungen des cambrischen Schichtensystems der Insel Sardinien nebst vergleichenden Untersuchungen über analoge Vorkommnisse aus anderen Ländern: Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen-Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, v. 51, p. 1–148.Google Scholar
Cañas, F., and Carrera, M., 1993, Early Ordovician microbial-sponge-receptaculitid bioherms of the Precordillera, western Argentina: Facies, v. 29, p. 169–178.Google Scholar
Carrera, M.G., and Rigby, J.K., 2004, Sponges, in Webby, B.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L., and Percival, I.G., eds., The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 102–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choh, S.-J., Hong, J., Sun, N., Kwon, S.-W., Park, T.-Y., Woo, J., Kwon, Y.K., Lee, D.-C., and Lee, D.-J., 2013, Early Ordovician reefs from the Taebaek Group, Korea: constituents, types, and geological implications: Geosciences Journal, v. 17, p. 139–149.Google Scholar
Chough, S.K., Lee, H.S., Woo, J., Chen, J., Choi, D.K., Lee, S.-B., Kang, I., Park, T.-Y., and Han, Z., 2010, Cambrian stratigraphy of the North China Platform: revisiting principal sections in Shandong Province, China: Geosciences Journal, v. 14, p. 235–268.Google Scholar
Dattilo, B. F., Hlohowskyj, S., Ripperdan, R.L., Miller, J.F., and Shapiro, R.S., 2004, Stratigraphic setting of an Upper Cambrian metazoan reef between the Nopah Formation to Goodwin Formation transition in southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, p. 368.Google Scholar
Debrenne, F., Zhuravlev, A.Y., and Kruse, P.D., 2012, Part E, Revised, v. 4, Chapter 18: General features of the Archaeocyatha: Treatise Online, v. 38, p. 1–102.Google Scholar
Finks, R.M., Read, R.E.H., and Rigby, J.K., 2004, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part E, Poriferea, Revised, v. 3: Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea): Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 872 p.Google Scholar
Gatehouse, C.G., 1968, First record of lithistid sponges in the Cambrian of Australia: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin, v. 92, p. 57–68.Google Scholar
Geyer, G., and Shergold, J., 2000, The quest for internationally recognized divisions of Cambrian time: Episodes, v. 23, p. 188–195.Google Scholar
Grotzinger, J.P., Watters, W.A., and Knoll, A.H., 2000, Calcified metazoans in thrombolite-stromatolite reefs of the terminal Proterozoic Nama Group, Namibia: Paleobiology, v. 26, p. 334–359.Google Scholar
Hamdi, B., Rozanov, A.Y., and Zhuravlev, A.Y., 1995, Latest Middle Cambrian metazoan reef from northern Iran: Geological Magazine, v. 132, p. 367–373.Google Scholar
Hong, J., Cho, S.-H., Choh, S.-J., Woo, J., and Lee, D.-J., 2012, Middle Cambrian siliceous sponge-calcimicrobe buildups (Daegi Formation, Korea): metazoan buildup constituents in the aftermath of the Early Cambrian extinction event: Sedimentary Geology, v. 253–254, p. 47–57.Google Scholar
Hong, J., Choh, S.-J., and Lee, D.-J., 2014, Tales from the crypt: early adaptation of cryptobiontic sessile metazoans: Palaios, v. 29, p. 95–100.Google Scholar
Hooper, J.N.A., and Van Soest, R.W.M., 2002, Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885, in Hooper, J.N.A., and Van Soest, R.W.M., eds., Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges: New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, p. 15–51.Google Scholar
Howell, J., Woo, J., and Chough, S.K., 2011, Dendroid morphology and growth patterns: 3-D computed tomographic reconstruction: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 299, p. 335–347.Google Scholar
James, N.P., and Wood, R., 2010, Reefs, in James, N.P., and Dalrymple, R.W., eds., Facies Models 4, St. Johns, Geological Association of Canada, p. 421–447.Google Scholar
Johns, R.A., Dattilo, B.F., and Spincer, B., 2007, Neotype and redescription of the Upper Cambrian anthaspidellid sponge, Wilbernicyathus donegani Wilson, 1950: Journal of Paleontology, v. 81, p. 435–444.Google Scholar
Kiessling, W., 2009, Geologic and biologic controls on the evolution of reefs: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 40, p. 173–192.Google Scholar
Kruse, P.D., 1983, Middle Cambrian ‘Archaeocyathus’ from the Georgina Basin is an anthaspidellid sponge: Alcheringa, v. 7, p. 49–58.Google Scholar
Kruse, P.D., 1987, Further Australian Cambrian sphinctozoans: Geological Magazine, v. 124, p. 543–553.Google Scholar
Kruse, P.D., 1996, Update on the northern Australian Cambrian sponges Rankenella, Jawonya and Wagima: Alcheringa, v. 20, p. 161–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruse, P. D., and Reitner, J.R., 2014, Northern Australian microbial-metazoan reefs after the mid-Cambrian mass extinction: Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, v. 45, p. 31–53.Google Scholar
Kruse, P.D., and Zhuravlev, A.Y., 2008, Middle-Late Cambrian Rankenella-Girvanella reefs of the Mila Formation, northern Iran: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 45, p. 619–639.Google Scholar
Kwon, Y.K., Chough, S.K., Choi, D.K., and Lee, D.-J., 2006, Sequence stratigraphy of the Taebaek Group (Cambrian-Ordovician), mideast Korea: Sedimentary Geology, v. 192, p. 19–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, Y.K., Lee, D.-J., Choi, D.K., and Chough, S.K., 2003, Lower Ordovician sponge bioherms in the Makkol Formation, Taebaeksan Basin, Mideast Korea: Facies, v. 48, p. 79–90.Google Scholar
Lee, H.S., and Chough, S.K., 2011, Depositional processes of the Zhushadong and Mantou formations (Early to Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China: roles of archipelago and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation on cycle genesis during initial flooding of the North China Platform: Sedimentology, v. 58, p. 1530–1572.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-H., Chen, J., Choh, S.-J., Lee, D.-J., Han, Z., and Chough, S.K., 2014a, Furongian (late Cambrian) sponge-microbial maze-like reefs in the North China Platform: Palaios, v. 29, p. 27–37.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-H., Lee, H.S., Chen, J., Woo, J., and Chough, S.K., 2014b, Calcified microbial reefs in the Cambrian Series 2 of the North China Platform: implications for the evolution of Cambrian calcified microbes: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 403, p. 34–42.Google Scholar
Li, Q., Li, Y., and Kiessling, W., 2014, Early Ordovician sponge-Calathium-microbial reefs on the Yangtze Platform margin of the South China Block: GFF, v. 136, p. 157–161.Google Scholar
Mckenzie, N.R., Hughes, N.C., Myrow, P.M., Choi, D.K., and Park, T.-Y., 2011, Trilobites and zircons link north China with the eastern Himalaya during the Cambrian: Geology, v. 39, p. 591–594.Google Scholar
Meng, X., Ge, M., and Tucker, M.E., 1997, Sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform: Sedimentary Geology, v. 114, p. 189–222.Google Scholar
Miller, S.A., 1889, Class Porifera, in North American Geology and Palaeontology for the Use of Amateurs, Students, and Scientists: Cincinnati, Ohio, Western Methodist, p. 152–167.Google Scholar
Mrozek, S., Dattilo, B.F., Hicks, M., and Miller, J.F., 2003, Metazoan reefs from the Upper Cambrian of the Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, p. 500.Google Scholar
Okulitch, V. J., and Bell, W.G., 1955, Gallatinospongia, a new siliceous sponge from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming: Journal of Paleontology, v. 29, p. 460–461.Google Scholar
Park, T.-Y., Woo, J., Lee, D.-J., Lee, D.-C., Lee, S.-B., Han, Z., Chough, S.K., and Choi, D.K., 2011, A stem-group cnidarian described from the mid-Cambrian of China and its significance for cnidarian evolution: Nature Communications, v. 2, p. 442.Google Scholar
Peng, S., Babcock, L.E., and Cooper, R.A., 2012, The Cambrian Period, in Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M., and Ogg, G., eds., The Geologic Time Scale 2012: New York, Elsevier, p. 437–488.Google Scholar
Pisera, A., 2002, Fossil ‘Lithistids’: an overview, in Hooper, J.N.A., and Van Soest, R.W.M., eds., Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, p. 388–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauff, H., 1895, Palaeospongiologie: Palaeontographica, v. 43, p. 223–346.Google Scholar
Riding, R., and Zhuravlev, A.Y., 1995, Structure and diversity of oldest sponge-microbe reefs: Lower Cambrian, Aldan River, Siberia: Geology, v. 23, p. 649–652.Google Scholar
Rigby, J.K., 1983, Fossil Demospongia, in Broadhead, T.W., ed., Sponges and Spongiomorphs: Notes for a Short Course, Nashville, University of Tennessee, p. 12–39.Google Scholar
Rigby, J.K., 1986, Sponges of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia: Paleontographica Canadiana, v. 2, p. 1–105.Google Scholar
Rowland, S.M., 2001, Archaeocyaths–a history of phylogenetic interpretation: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 1065–1078.Google Scholar
Rowland, S.M., and Shapiro, R.S., 2002, Reef patterns and environmental influences in the Cambrian and earliest Ordovician, in Kiessling, W., Flügel, E., and Golonka, J., eds., Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM, p. 95–128.Google Scholar
Shapiro, R.S., and Rigby, J.K., 2004, First occurrence of an in situ anthaspidellid sponge in a dendrolite mound (Upper Cambrian; Great Basin, USA): Journal of Paleontology, v. 78, p. 645–650.Google Scholar
Sollas, W.J., 1885, A classification of sponges: Annals of Natural History, Series 5, 16, 395 p.Google Scholar
Teslenko, I.L., Mambetov, A.M., Zhuravleva, I.T., Myagkova, Y.I., and Meshkova, N.P., 1983, The Dedebulak bioherm belt and the history of its development. Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, Sibirskoye Otdeleniye, v. 569, p. 124–138 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Vologdin, A.G., 1962, Phylum Archaeocyatha. Archaeocyaths, in Orlov, Y.A., ed., Fundamentals of Paleontology, vol. 2, Sponges, Archaeocyaths, Coelenterates, Worms, Moscow, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, p. 89–142. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Webby, B.D., 2002, Patterns of Ordovician reef development, in Kiessling, W., Flügel, E., and Golonka, J., eds., Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, Tulsa, Oklahoma, SEPM, p. 129–179.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.L., 1950, An Upper Cambrian pleospongid (?): Journal of Paleontology, v. 24, p. 591–593.Google Scholar
Woo, J., 2009, The Middle Cambrian Zhangxia Formation, Shandong Province, China: Depositional Environments and Microbial Sedimentation [Ph.D. dissertation]: Seoul National University, 243 p.Google Scholar
Woo, J., and Chough, S.K., 2010, Growth patterns of the Cambrian microbialite: phototropism and speciation of Epiphyton: Sedimentary Geology, v. 229, p. 1–8.Google Scholar
Woo, J., Chough, S.K., and Han, Z., 2008, Chambers of Epiphyton thalli in microbial buildups, Zhangxia Formation (Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China: Palaios, v. 23, p. 55–64.Google Scholar