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The nasal cavity of two traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia, Gomphodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2021

Arymathéia Santos Franco ,
Rodrigo Temp Müller Open the ORCID record for Rodrigo Temp Müller [Opens in a new window] ,
Agustín G. Martinelli Open the ORCID record for Agustín G. Martinelli [Opens in a new window] ,
Carolina A. Hoffmann  and
Leonardo Kerber Open the ORCID record for Leonardo Kerber [Opens in a new window]
Arymathéia Santos Franco*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
Rodrigo Temp Müller
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, 97230-000, São João do Polêsine, Brazil
Agustín G. Martinelli
Affiliation:
CONICET-Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Carolina A. Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Leonardo Kerber*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, 97230-000, São João do Polêsine, Brazil Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author
*Corresponding author
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Abstract

Traversodontidae is a group of Triassic herbivorous/omnivorous cynodonts that represents the most diversified lineage within Cynognathia. In southern Brazil, a rich fossil record of late Middle/mid-Late Triassic cynodonts has been documented, with Exaeretodon riograndensis Abdala, Barberena, and Dornelles, 2002 and Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum Pavanatto et al., 2018 representing two abundant and well-documented traversodontids. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the morphology of the nasal cavity, nasal recesses, nasolacrimal duct, and maxillary canals of both species using computed tomography, highlighting the changes that occurred in parallel to the origin of mammaliaforms. Our results show that there were no ossified turbinals or a cribriform plate delimiting the posterior end of the nasal cavity, suggesting these structures were probably cartilaginous as in nonmammaliaform cynodonts. Both species show lateral ridges on the internal surface of the roof of the nasal cavity, but the median ridge for the attachment of a nasal septum is absent. Exaeretodon riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum show recesses on the dorsal region of the nasal cavity, which increase the volume of the nasal cavity, potentially enhancing the olfactory chamber and contributing to the sense of smell. On the lateral sides of the nasal cavity, the analyzed taxa show a well-developed maxillary recess. Although E. riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum have roughly similar nasal cavities, in the former taxon, the space between the left and right dorsal recesses of the nasal cavity is uniform along its entire extension, whereas this space narrows posteriorly in S. niemeyerorum. Finally, the nasolacrimal duct of S. niemeyerorum is more inclined anteroposteriorly than in E. riograndensis.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 95 , Issue 4 , July 2021 , pp. 845 - 860
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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