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New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2020

Mohd Shafi Bhat Open the ORCID record for Mohd Shafi Bhat [Opens in a new window] ,
Sanghamitra Ray Open the ORCID record for Sanghamitra Ray [Opens in a new window]  and
P. M. Datta
Mohd Shafi Bhat*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur721302, India , Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rhodes Gift, 7701, South Africa
Sanghamitra Ray
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur721302, India ,
P. M. Datta
Affiliation:
Greenwood Housing Cooperative Society Limited, 315B Upen Banerjee Road, Kolkata700060, India
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

The Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India has yielded several new cynodont taxa, which are described on the basis of multiple isolated teeth and a jaw fragment. A new species of dromatheriid, Rewaconodon indicus, is defined by a tri- and tetracuspid asymmetric crown, long anterior edge of the major cusp a, cingular cusps d and f, and marked constriction at the crown-root junction. Another new dromatheriid, Inditherium floris n. gen. n. sp., is characterized by a broad, flower-shaped pentacuspid crown, multiple cingular cusps, and a weak lingual cingulum is also described from the same horizon. In addition, a new mammaliamorph taxon, Tikiodon cromptoni n. gen. n. sp., is established on a tooth specimen, which has a shovel-shaped crown, three closely spaced main cusps, a pronounced lingual cingulum with multiple cingular cusps, and a root of incomplete root bifurcation. Such a tooth morphology occupies an intermediate position between the non-mammalian cynodonts and the early mammals, as is evident from the co-occurrence of various cynodont dental morphotypes in the Tiki Formation. Moreover, Late Triassic cynodonts occurred along narrow belts demarcated by paleolatitudes, though the Indian fauna shows both Laurasian and Gondwanan affinities.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/c2c575ad-ee23-4f33-8a30-661c548a5b17

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 95 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 376 - 393
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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