Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:22:41.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A New Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Priapulid from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2015

Xiaoya Ma ,
Richard J. Aldridge ,
David J. Siveter ,
Derek J. Siveter ,
Xianguang Hou  and
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Xiaoya Ma
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China, ; Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, ;
Richard J. Aldridge
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China, ; Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK, ;
David J. Siveter
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China, ; Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK, ;
Derek J. Siveter
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China, ; Geological Collections, University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
Xianguang Hou
Affiliation:
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China, ;
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, ;
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A fossil priapulid, Eximipriapulus globocaudatus new genus new species, is described from the Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of Yunnan, China. The exceptional preservation of the animal reveals morphological details that allow direct comparison with extant priapulids. The body is divisible into a partially eversible pharynx, a smooth collar, a scalid-bearing introvert, a neck with triangular scalids, an unsegmented trunk with annulations, and a distinctly expanded terminal region. Several specialized regions of the alimentary canal are recognized: a pharynx (lined by cuticle and bearing teeth), esophagus, midgut, hindgut, and a terminal anus. The sample includes a putative juvenile. The animal is inferred to have been an active burrower using a double-anchor strategy, practicing both deposit feeding and carnivory. Inclusion of Eximipriapulus in the most recent character matrix for cladistic analysis of fossil and Recent priapulids resolves the new genus within the priapulid crown group.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 88 , Issue 2 , March 2014 , pp. 371 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adrianov, A. V. and Malakhov, V. V. 1996. The phylogeny, classification and zoogeography of the class Priapulida. I. Phylogeny and classification. Zoosystematica Rossica, 4:219–238.Google Scholar
Bergström, J., Hou, X.-G., and Hålenius, U. 2007. Gut contents and feeding in the Cambrian arthropod Naraoia . GFF, 129:71–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G., Erwin, D. H., and Collier, F. J. 1994. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 238 p.Google Scholar
Butterfield, N. J. 2002. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology, 28:155–171.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calloway, C. B. 1975. Morphology of the introvert and associated structures of the priapulid Tubiluchus corallicola from Bermuda. Marine Biology, 31:161–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.-Y. and Zhou, G.-Q. 1997. Biology of the Chengjiang fauna. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, 10:11–106.Google Scholar
Chen, L.-Z., Luo, H.-L., Hu, S.-X., Yin, J.-Y., Jiang, Z.-W., Wu, Z.-L., Li, F. and Chen, A.-L. 2002. Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Eastern Yunnan, China. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, 193 p.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1977. Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 20:1–95.Google Scholar
Delage, Y. and Hérouard, E. 1897. Traité de Zoologie concrète, 5: Les Vermidien. Schleicher, Paris, 372 p.Google Scholar
Dong, X. P., Donoghue, P. C. J., Cheng, H., and Liu, J. B. 2004. Fossil embryos from the middle and late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China. Nature, 427:237–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dong, X. P., Donoghue, P. C. J., Cunningham, J. A., Liu, J. B., and Cheng, H. 2005. The anatomy, affinity, and phylogenetic significance of Markuelia . Evolution and Development, 7:468–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dong, X. P., Bengtson, S., Gostling, N. J., Cunningham, J. A., Harvey, T. H. P., Kouchinsky, A., Val'Kov, A. K., Repetski, J. E., Stampanoni, M., and Donoghue, P. C. J. 2010. The anatomy, taphonomy, taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia: early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans. Palaeontology, 53:1,291–1,314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donoghue, P. C. J., Bengtson, S., Dong, X. P., Gostling, N. J., Huldtgren, T., Cunningham, J. A., Yin, C.-Y., Zhao, Y., Peng, F., and Stampanoni, M. 2006. Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos. Nature, 442:680–683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dornbos, S. Q. and Chen, J.-Y. 2008. Community palaeoecology of the early Cambrian Maotianshan Shale biota: ecological dominance of priapulid worms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 258:200–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D., Giribet, G., Dunn, C. W., Hejnol, A., Kristensen, R. M., Neves, R. C., Rouse, G. W., Worsaae, K. and Sørensen, M. V. 2011. Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 11:151–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabbott, S. E., Hou, X.-G., Norry, M. J., and Siveter, Da. J. 2004. Preservation of early Cambrian animals of the Chengjiang biota. Geology, 32:901–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goloboff, P., Farris, J. S., and Nixon, K. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24:774–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, R. A. 1970. The burrowing of Priapulus caudatus . Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 162:469–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, J., Shu, D.-G., Zhang, Z.-F., and Liu, J.-N. 2004. The earliest-known ancestors of recent Priapulomorpha from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49:1860–1868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, J. and Hu, S.-X. 2006. Response to “Discussion on the systematic position of the early Cambrian priapulomorph worms”. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51:250–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, T. H. P., Dong, X.-P., and Donoghue, P. C. J. 2010. Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans? Evolution and Development, 12:177–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hou, X.-G. and Bergström, J. 1997. Arthropods of the lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China. Fossils and Strata, 45:1–116.Google Scholar
Hou, X.-G., Bergström, J., Wang, H.-F., Feng, X.-H., and Chen, A.-L. 1999. The Chengjiang Fauna: Exceptionally Well-Preserved Animals from 530 Million Years Ago. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, 222 p. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Hou, X.-G., Aldridge, R. J., Bergström, J., Siveter, Da. J., Siveter, De. J., and Feng, X.-H. 2004. The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life. Blackwell Science Ltd. Press, Oxford, 223 p.Google Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Vannier, J., and Chen, J.-Y. 2004 a. Anatomy and lifestyles of early Cambrian priapulid worms exemplified by Corynetis and Anningvermis from the Maotianshan Shale (SW China). Lethaia, 37:21–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Vannier, J., and Chen, J.-Y. 2004 b. Recent Priapulidae and their early Cambrian ancestors: comparisons and evolutionary significance. Geobios, 37:217–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., and Vannier, J. 2006. Discussion on the systematic position of the early Cambrian priapulomorph worms. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51:243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, J. V. D. 1968. A new aschelminth, probably related to the Priapulida. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 42:237–250.Google Scholar
Land, J. V. D. 1970. Systematics, zoogeography and ecology of the Priapulida. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 112:1–118.Google Scholar
Luo, H.-L., Hu, S.-X., Chen, L.-Z., Zhang, S.-S., and Tao, Y.-H. 1999.Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota from Kunming Region, China. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, p. 76–83. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Ma, X.-Y., Hou, X.-G., and Baines, D. 2010. Phylogeny and evolutionary significance of vermiform animals from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Science China: Earth Sciences, 53:1,774–1,783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maas, A. 2013. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera: The fossil record, p. 11–28. In Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.Google Scholar
Morse, M. P. 1981. Meiopriapulus fijiensis n. gen., n. sp.: an interstitial priapulid from coarse sand in Fiji. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 100:239–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, C. 1995. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the living phyla, 1st edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 574 p.Google Scholar
Pisani, D., Carton, R., Campbell, L. I., Akanni, W. A., Mulville, E., and Rota-Stabelli, O. 2013. An overview of arthropod genomics, mitogenomics, and the evolutionary origins of the arthropod proteome, p. 41–58. In Minelli, A., Boxshall, G. and Fusco, G. (eds.), Arthropod Biology and Evolution. Springer, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruppert, E. E. and Barnes, R. D. 1994 . Invertebrate Zoology, 6th edition. Sanders College Publishing, New York, 1100 p.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 2013. Priapulida, p. 147–180. In Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.Google Scholar
Shirley, T. C. and Storch, V. 1999. Halicryptus higginsi n. sp. (Priapulida)—a giant new species from Barrow, Alaska. Invertebrate Biology, 118:404–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stachowitsch, M. 1992. The invertebrates: An Illustrated Glossary. Wiley-Liss, New York, 690 p.Google Scholar
Storch, V., Higgins, R. P., and Morse, M. P. 1989. Internal anatomy of Meiopriapulus fijiensis (Priapulida). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 108:245–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storch, V. 1991. Priapulida, p. 333–350. In Harrison, F. W. and Ruppert, E. E. (eds.), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol. 4, Aschelminthes. Wiley-liss, New York.Google Scholar
Telford, M. J., Bourlat, S. J., Economou, A., Papillon, D., and Rota-Stabelli, O. 2008. The evolution of the Ecdysozoa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 363:1,529–1,537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Todaro, M. A. and Shirley, T. C. 2003. A new meiobenthic priapulid (Priapulida Tubiluchidae) from a Mediterranean submarine cave. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70:79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vannier, J. 2009. L'Explosion cambrienne ou l'émergence des écosystèmes modernes. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 8:133–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vannier, J. 2012. Gut contents as direct indicators for trophic relationships in the Cambrian marine ecosystem. PLoS One, 7:e52200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vannier, J., Callandra, J., Gaillard, C., and Zylinska, A. 2010. Priapulid worms: pioneer horizontal burrowers at the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Geology, 38:711–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1911. Middle Cambrian annelids. Cambrian geology and paleontology, II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57:109–144.Google Scholar
Wills, M. A. 1998. Cambrian and Recent disparity: The picture from priapulids. Paleobiology, 24:177–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, M. A., Gerber, S., Ruta, M., and Hughes, M. 2012. The disparity of priapulid, archaeopriapulid and palaeoscolecid worms in the light of new data. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25:2,056–2,076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Ma et al. supplementary material

Ma et al. supplementary material

Download Ma et al. supplementary material(File)
File 21.5 KB