Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:14:00.327Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New Middle Ordovician hyoliths from the Ossa Morena Zone, southwestern Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2021

Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco Open the ORCID record for Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco [Opens in a new window] ,
Ladislav Marek  and
John M. Malinky
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), and Área de Paleontología GEODESPAL, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Ladislav Marek
Affiliation:
Geologicky ústav AV CR, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Praha 6 – Lysolaje, Czech Republic
John M. Malinky
Affiliation:
Physical Science Department, San Diego City College, 1313 Park Boulevard, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
*
*Corresponding author †Deceased February 18, 1995.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The record of Middle Ordovician (Oretanian, ca. Darriwilian 2) hyolithids from the Ossa Morena Zone of the Iberian Massif in southwestern Spain is increased with the recognition of Robardetlites sevillanus n. gen. n. sp., Andalucilites parvulus n. gen. n. sp., Pauxillites desolatus n. sp., Leolites malinkyi Marek and Gutiérrez-Marco n. sp., and Cavernolites sp. in that region. Andalucilites n. gen. and Robardetlites n. gen. are endemic whereas the other genera are known from coeval strata in the Barrandian region in central Europe, France, and Morocco, giving this assemblage a decidedly “Mediterranean province” character. The discovery of Pauxillites, Leolites, and Cavernolites in Iberia extends their geographic ranges to that region, and Leolites from this area extends its stratigraphic range downward, making its occurrence in Iberia the oldest known for that genus.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/f5b29223-6dac-4c7e-8851-551e634da667

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 96 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 127 - 142
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Apalategui, O., Eguíluz, L., and Quesada, C., 1990, Ossa-Morena Zone, structure, in Dallmeyer, R.D., and Martínez García, E., eds., Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Iberia: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 280–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrande, J., 1846, Notice Préliminaire sur le Systême Silurien et les Trilobites de Bohême: Leipsic, J.D. Hirschfeld, 97 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrande, J., 1847, Pugiunculus, ein fossiles Pteropoden-Geschlecht: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kkunde, v. 1847, p. 554–558.Google Scholar
Barrande, J., 1867, Systême Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. 1ère Partie: Recherches Paléontologiques. Vol. III. Classe des Mollusques. Ordre des Ptéropodes: Prague, Chez l'auteur et éditeur, Charles Bellmann, 179 p.Google Scholar
Barrande, J., 1872, Systême Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. 1ère Partie: Recherches Paléontologiques. Supplément au Vol. I. Trilobites, Crustacés divers et Poissons: Prague, chez l'auteur et éditeur, Charles Bellmann, 647 p.Google Scholar
Barrande, J., 1887, Systême Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. 1ère Partie: Recherches Paléontologiques. Vol. VII- Tome 1. Classe del Échinodermes. Order des Cystidées: Prague-Leipzig, chez l'auteur et éditeur, Charles Bellmann, 233 p.Google Scholar
Barrois, C., 1882, Recherches sur les Terrains Anciens des Asturies et de la Galice (Espagne): Mémoires de la Société géologique du Nord, v. 2, p. 1–630.Google Scholar
Bassler, R.S., 1911, The early Paleozoic Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces: United States National Museum Bulletin, v. 77, p. 1–382.Google Scholar
Bergström, S.M., Chen, X., Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., and Dronov, A.V., 2009, The new chronostratigraphic classification of the Ordovician System and its relations to major regional series and stages and δ13C chemostratigraphy: Lethaia, v. 42, p. 97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg-Madsen, V., and Malinky, J.M., 1999, A revision of Holm's early and early mid Cambrian hyoliths of Southwestern Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 42, p. 25–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Born, A., 1918, Die Calymene Tristani-Stufe (mittleres Untersilur) bei Almadén, ihre Fauna, Gliederung und Verbreitung: Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, v. 36, p. 309–358.Google Scholar
Bruton, D.L., 2001, A death assemblage of priapulid worms from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale: Lethaia, v. 34, p. 163–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.Y., 2004, The Dawn of Animal World: Nanjing, Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 366 p. [in Chinese]Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S., 1977, Fossil priapulid worms: Special Papers in Palaeontology, v. 20, p. 1–155.Google Scholar
Delgado, J.F.N., 1908, Système Silurique du Portugal. Étude de Stratigraphie Paléontologique: Lisboa, Memoires de la Commission du Service Géologique du Portugal, 245 p.Google Scholar
Dzik, J., 1994, Machaeridians, chitons and conchiferan molluscs of the Mójcza Limestone, in Dzik, J., Olempska, E., and Pisera, A., Ordovician carbonate platform ecosystem of the Holy Cross Mountains: Palaeontologia Polonica, v. 53, p. 213–252.Google Scholar
Eichwald, K.E. von, 1840, Über das silurische Schichtensystem in Esthland: Zeitschrift für Natur- und Heilkunde der königlisch Medicinisch-chirurgischen Akademie St. Petersburg, v. 1/2, 210 p.Google Scholar
Eichwald, K.E. von, 1860, Lethaea Rossica ou Palaeontologie de la Russie: Stuttgart, D.E. Schweizerbart, v. 1, 1657 p.Google Scholar
Feng, W., Mu, X., and Kouchinsky, A.V., 2001, Hyolith-type microstructure in a mollusc-like fossil from the early Cambrian of Yunnan, China: Lethaia, v. 34, p. 303–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, D.W., 1962, Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part W. Miscellanea: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, p. W98–W143.Google Scholar
Galle, A., and Parsley, R.L., 2005, Epibiont relationships on hyolithids demonstrated by Ordovician trepostomes (Bryozoa) and Devonian tabulates (Anthozoa): Bulletin of Geosciences, v. 80, p. 125–138.Google Scholar
Galle, A., Marek, L., Vannier, J., Racheboeuf, P.R., and Regnault, S., 1994, Assemblage epibenthique a hyolithes, tabule epizoaire et ostracode Beyrichiacea du Devonien inférieur du Maroc et d'Espagne: Revue de Paléobiologie, v. 13, p. 411–425.Google Scholar
Gil Cid, M.D., 1979, Los Hyolitha del Cámbrico y Ordovícico de Sierra Morena y Montes de Toledo y su interpretación paleozoológica: Boletín Geológico y Minero, v. 90, p. 556–564.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., and Bernárdez, E., 2003, Un tesoro geológico en la Autovía del Cantábrico. El Túnel Ordovícico del Fabar, Ribadesella (Asturias): Madrid, Ministerio de Fomento, 398 p.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Rábano, I, and Robardet, M., 1984, Estudio bioestratigráfico del Ordovícico en el Sinclinal del Valle (provincia de Sevilla, SO. de España): Memórias e Notícias, Universidade de Coimbra, v. 97, p. 11–37.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Meléndez, B., Parsley, R.L., Prokop, R.J., and Marek, L., 1992, Equinodermos (Cystoidea, Homalozoa, Asterozoa) de afinidades bohémicas en el Ordovícico de las zonas Centroibérica y Ossa Morena, España: Publicaciones del Museo de Geología de Extremadura, v. 1, p. 79–81.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Rábano, I., Sarmiento, G.N., Aceñolaza, G.F., San José, M.A. de, Pieren, A.P., Herranz, P., Couto, H.M., and Piçarra, J.M., 1999, Faunal dynamics between Iberia and Bohemia during the Oretanian and Dobrotivian (late Middle–earliest Upper Ordovician), and biogeographic relations with Avalonia and Baltica: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 43, p. 487–490.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Robardet, M., Rábano, I., Sarmiento, G.N., San José Lancha, M.A., Herranz Araújo, P., and Pieren Pidal, A.P., 2002, Ordovician, in Gibbons, W., and Moreno, T., eds., The Geology of Spain: London, The Geological Society, p. 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Rábano, I., and Robardet, M., 2007, The Ordovician atheloptic and cyclopygid trilobite assemblages from the Ossa Morena Zone (Southwestern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) and their palaeogeographic significance, in Abstracts 1st International Palaeobiogeography Symposium: Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, p. 46.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Sá, A.A., Rábano, I., Sarmiento, G.N., García-Bellido, D.C., Bernárdez, E., Lorenzo, S., Villas, E., Jiménez-Sánchez, A., Colmenar, J., and Zamora, S., 2015, Iberian Ordovician and its international correlation: Stratigraphy, v. 12, p. 257–263.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Sá, A.A., García-Bellido, D.C., and Rábano, I., 2017, The Bohemo-Iberian regional chronostratigraphic scale for the Ordovician System and palaeontological correlations within South Gondwana: Lethaia, v. 50, p. 258–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Piçarra, J.M., Meireles, C.A., Cózar, P., García-Bellido, , et al. , 2019, Early Ordovician–Devonian passive margin stage in the Gondwanan units of the Iberian Massif, in Quesada, C., and Oliveira, J.T., eds., The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach. Vol. 2, The Variscan Cycle (Simancas, J.F., coord.), Regional Geology Reviews 75: Basel, Springer Nature AG, p. 75–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Havlíček, V., 1951, The Ordovician Brachiopoda from Bohemia: Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického, v. 12, p. 1–135.Google Scholar
Herranz Araújo, P., Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Pieren Pidal, A.P., Robardet, M., San José Lancha, M.A. de, Rábano, I., and Sarmiento, G.N., 2003, The Ordovician succession from the western Iberian Ranges (NE Spain). A review with new data: INSUGEO, Serie Correlación Geológica, v. 17, 417–424.Google Scholar
Holm, G., 1893, Sveriges kambrisk-siluriska Hyolithidae och Conulariidae: Sveriges geologiska Undersökning, Afhandlingar och Uppsatser, v. C 112, p. 1–172.Google Scholar
Horný, R.J., 2006, The Middle Ordovician tergomyan mollusc Pygmaeoconus: an obligatory epibiont on hyolithids: Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B, Historia Naturalis, v. 62, p. 81–95.Google Scholar
Kimmig, J., and Pratt, B., 2018, Coprolites in the Ravens Throat River Lagerstätte of northwestern Canada: implications for the middle Cambrian food web: Palaios, v. 33, 125–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kouchinsky, A.V., 2000, Skeletal microstructures of hyoliths from the early Cambrian of Siberia: Alcheringa, v. 24, p. 65–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, B., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., 2007, Echinoderms from the Middle Ordovician of Ossa Morena (Southwestern Iberian Peninsula): palaeobiogeographic and palaeoenvironmental implications, in Álvaro, J.J., and Villas, E., eds., IGCP Project 503. Regional Meeting and Field-trip Zaragoza 2007: Zaragoza, Spain, Publicaciones Universidad de Zaragoza, p. 15.Google Scholar
Liu, L., Zhang, X., Skovsted, C.B., Yun, H., Pan, B., and Li, G., 2018, Homologous shell microstructures in Cambrian hyoliths and molluscs: Palaeontology, v. 62, p. 515–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, F., Skovsted, C.B., Topper, T.P., and Zhang, Z-F., 2020a, Soft part preservation in hyolithids from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota of South China and its implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 562, 110079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, F., Skovsted, C.B., Topper, T.P., Zhang, Z-F., and Shu, D.G., 2020b, Are hyoliths Palaeozoic lophophorates?: National Science Review, v. 7, p. 453–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 1988, Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 218–233.Google Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 1989, New early Paleozoic Hyolithida and Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 302–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 1990a, Solenotheca, new Hyolitha (Mollusca) from the Ordovician of North America: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 103, p. 265–278.Google Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 1990b, Early and middle Cambrian Hyolitha (Mollusca) from northeastern China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 228–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2002, A revision of early to mid Ordovician hyoliths from Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 45, p. 511–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2003a, New Middle and Late Ordovician hyoliths from Estonia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, p. 304–313.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2003b, Ordovician and Silurian hyoliths and gastropods reassigned from the Hyolitha from the Girvan district, Scotland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, p. 625–645.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2006, Revision of Hyolitha from the Ordovician of Estonia: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 80, p. 88–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2007, Hyolitha from the early Paleozoic glacial erratic boulders (Geschiebe) of Germany and Poland: The Fossil Record, v. 10, p. 71–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., 2009, Permian Hyolithida from Australia: the last of the hyoliths?: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 147–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., and Berg-Madsen, V., 1999, A revision of Holm's early and early mid Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 42, p. 25–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., and Racheboeuf, P.R., 2010, Devonian (Givetian) Hyolitha from the Kersadiou Formation, Massif Amoricain, France: Journal of Paleontology, v. 84, p. 739–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., and Sixt, S., 1990, Early Mississippian Hyolitha from northern Iowa: Palaeontology, v. 33, p. 343–357.Google Scholar
Malinky, J.M., and Yochelson, E.L., 2007, On the systematic position of the Hyolitha (Kingdom Animalia): Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, v. 34, p. 521–536.Google Scholar
Malinky, J.M., Linsley, R.M., and Yochelson, E.L., 1987, Taxonomic revision of Hyolitha from the middle Paleozoic of North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 1173–1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., Wilson, M.A., Holmer, L.E., and Lardeux, H., 2004, Tube-shaped incertae sedis, in Webby, B.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L., and Percival, I.G., eds., The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 214–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinky, J.M., Eriksson, M.A., and Ahlberg, P., 2009, ‘Mediterranean Province’ hyoliths from the middle Cambrian and Upper Ordovician of Sweden: GFF, v. 131, p. 281–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallada, L., 1875, Sinopsis de las especies fósiles que se han encontrado en España. Introducción. Sistemas Siluriano, Devoniano y Carbonífero: Boletín de la Comisión del Mapa Geológico de España, v. 2, p. 1–159.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1963, New knowledge on the morphology of Hyolithes: Sborník geologických věd, Paleontologie, v. 1, p. 53–73.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1966, New hyolithid genera from the Ordovician of Bohemia: Časopis Národního muzea, oddíl přírodovědný, v. 135, p. 89–92.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1967, The Class Hyolitha in the Caradoc of Bohemia: Sborník geologických věd, Paleontologie, v. 9, p. 51–113.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1974, New Lower Ordovician hyolithid genera: Věstník Ústředního ústavu geologického, v. 49, p. 287–291.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1975, Two new genera of Pauxillitidae Marek, 1967 (Hyolitha): Vestník Ústredniho ústavu geologického, v. 50, p. 237–240.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1976, The distribution of the Mediterranean Ordovician Hyolitha, in Basset, M.G., ed., The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, September 1974: Cardiff, University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales, p. 491–499.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1983a, The Ordovician hyoliths of Anti-Atlas (Morocco): Sborník Národního Musea v Praze, Řada B, Přírodní vědy, v. 39, p. 1–36.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1983b, The hyoliths in the Arenigian of Montagne Noire, in Courtessole, R., Marek, L., Pillet, J., Ubaghs, G., and Vizcaïno, D., Calymenina, Echinodermata et Hyolitha de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France meridionale): Carcassonne, Mémoire de la Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude (for 1983), p. 57–62.Google Scholar
Marek, L., 1989, The hyoliths of the Králův Dvůr Formation (Bohemian Ordovician): Sborník Geologických věd, řada Paleontologie, v. 30, p. 37–59.Google Scholar
Marek, L., and Galle, A., 1976, The tabulate coral Hyostragulum, an epizoan with bearing on hyolithid ecology and systematics: Lethaia, v. 9, p. 51–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marek, L., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., 1995, Nota preliminar acerca de los hyolítidos y orthotécidos (Hyolitha) del Ordovícico Medio español, in López, G., Obrador, A., and Vicens, E., eds, XI Jornadas de Paleontología, Tremp 95: Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma p. 117.Google Scholar
Marek, L., and Yochelson, E.L., 1976, Aspects of the biology of Hyolitha (Mollusca): Lethaia, vol. 9, p. 65–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marek, L., Parsley, R.L., and Galle, A., 1997, Functional morphology of hyoliths based on flume studies: Věstník Českého geologického ústavu, v. 74, p. 351–358.Google Scholar
Martí Mus, M., 2016, A hyolithid with preserved soft parts from the Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte of Morocco: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 460, p. 122–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martí Mus, M., and Bergström, J., 2005, The morphology of hyolithids and its functional implications: Palaeontology, v. 48, p. 1139–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martí Mus, M., and Bergström, J., 2007, Skeletal microstructure of helens, lateral spines of hyolithids: Palaeontology, v. 50, p. 1231–1243.Google Scholar
Martí Mus, M., Jeppsson, L., and Malinky, J.M., 2014, A complete reconstruction of the hyolithid skeleton: Journal of Paleontology, v. 88, p. 160–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthew, G.F., 1899, Studies on Cambrian faunas, No. 3—Upper Cambrian fauna of Mount Stephen, British Columbia—the trilobites and worms: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, ser. 2, v. 5, p. 39–66.Google Scholar
Meshkova, N.P., and Sysoev, V.A., 1981, Nakhodka slepkov pishchevapitel'nogo apparata nizhnekembrieskikh khiolitov [The discovery of traces of the digestive system in Lower Cambrian hyoliths], in Problematiki Fanerozoya: Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki SO AN SSSR, Moscow, v. 481, p. 82–85. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Missarzhevsky, V.V., 1969, Opisanie khiolitov, gastropod, khiolitel'mintov, kamenid i form neyasnogo sistematicheskogo polozheniya [Descriptions of hyoliths, gastropods, hyolithelminths, camenids, and forms of an obscure systematic position], in Rozanov, A. Yu., Missarzhevsky V.V., Volkova, N.A., Voronova, L.G., Krylov, I.N., Keller, B.M., Korolyuk, I.K., Lendzion, K., Mikhnyak, R., Pykhova, N.G., and Sidorov, A.D., Tommotskiy yarus i problema nizhney granitsy Kembriya: Moscow, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ordena Trudovogo krasnogo znameni Geologicheskiy Institut, Nauka Publishers, Trudy, v. 206, p. 105–175. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Moysiuk, J., Smith, M.R., and Caron, J.-B., 2017, Hyoliths are Palaeozoic lophophorates: Nature, v. 541, p. 394–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Novák, O., 1891, Revision der palaeozoischen Hyolithiden Böhmens: Abhandlungen der böhmishen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Prague, Klasse 6 mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen, ser. 7, v. 4, p. 1–48.Google Scholar
Peel, J.S., and Yochelson, E.L., 1984, Permian Toxeumorphorida from Greenland: an appraisal of the molluscan class Xenoconchia: Lethaia, v. 17, p. 211–221.Google Scholar
Pillet, J., and Beaulieu, G., 1995, Sur quelques Hyolithidae de l'Ordovicien moyen du Massif Armoricain: Bulletin de la Société d’Études Scientifiques de l'Anjou, v. 15, p. 1–17.Google Scholar
Portlock, J.E., 1843, Report on the Geology of the County of Londonderry, and of Parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh. Examined and Described under the Authority of the Master General and Board of Ordnance. Dublin and London, Andrew Milliken and Longman, Brown, and Longmans, 784 p.Google Scholar
Qian, Y., 1977, Hyolitha and some problematica from the lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage in central and SW China: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 16, p. 255–278. [in Chinese with English summary]Google Scholar
Qian, Y., 1978a, The Early Cambrian hyolithids in central and southwest China and their stratigraphical significance: Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, v. 11, p. 1–43. [in Chinese with English summary]Google Scholar
Qian, Y., 1978b, Hyoliths, worms, poriferans, in Hubei Bureau of Geology, Stratigraphic Research Group of Yangtze Gorges (ed.), Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Sinian to Permian in the Eastern Part of the Yangtze Gorge: Beijing, Geological Publishing House, p. 127–138. [in Chinese with English abstract]Google Scholar
Qian, Y., and Xiao, L., 1995, Hyolithids: Beijing, Science Press, 262 p.Google Scholar
Qian, Y., Chen, M., and Chen, Y., 1979, Hyolithids and other small shelly fossils from the lower Cambrian Huangshandong Formation in the eastern part of the Yangtze Gorge: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 18, p. 207–230. [in Chinese with English summary]Google Scholar
Quesada, C., 1991, Geological constraints on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of tectonostratigraphic terranes in the Iberian Massif: Tectonophysics, v. 185, p. 225–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, F.R.C., 1909, Lower Palaeozoic Hyolithidae from Girvan: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 47, p. 203–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robardet, M., 2002, Alternative approach to the Variscan Belt in southwestern Europe: preorogenic paleobiogeographical constraints, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian Dynamics: the Building of the Late Paleozoic Basement: Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robardet, M., 2003, The Armorica ‘microplate’; fact or fiction?. Critical review of the concept and contradictory palaeobiogeographical data: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 195, p. 125–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robardet, M., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., 1990, Sedimentary and faunal domains in the Iberian Peninsula during lower Palaeozoic times, in Dallmeyer, R.D., and Martínez García, E. eds., Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Iberia: Berlin-Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, p. 383–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robardet, M., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., 2004, The Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Ossa Morena Zone (Southwestern Iberian Peninsula, Spain): Journal of Iberian Geology, v. 30, p. 73–92.Google Scholar
Runnegar, B., 1980, Hyolitha: status of the phylum: Lethaia, v. 13, p. 21–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runnegar, B., Pojeta, J., Morris, N.J., Taylor, J.D., Taylor, M.E., and McClung, G., 1975, Biology of the Hyolitha: Lethaia, v. 8, p. 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sá, A.A., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., 2006, Outros invertebrados fósseis, in Sá, A.A., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., coords., Trilobites Gigantes das Ardósias de Canelas (Arouca): Madrid, Ardósias Valerio y Figueiredo, p. 144–161.Google Scholar
Salter, J.W., and Blandford, H.F., 1865, Palaeontology of Niti in the Northern Himalaya: Being Descriptions and Figures of the Palaeozoic and Secondary fossils Collected by Colonel Richard Strachey, R.E.: Calcutta, Military Orphan Press, 112 p.Google Scholar
Serpagli, E., and Gnoli, M., 1984, Palaeozoic palaeontology in Sardinia: a review (1857–1983): Bolletino di Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, v. 2, p. 163–180.Google Scholar
Sharpe, D., 1853, Description of the new species of Zoophyta and Mollusca, in Ribeiro, C., Sharpe, D., Salter, J.W., Jones, T.R., and Bunbury, C.J.F., On the Carboniferous and Silurian Formations in the Neighbourhood of Bussaco, Portugal. With notes and descriptions of animal remains, and an account of the vegetable remains: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 9, p. 146–158.Google Scholar
Shimanskiy, V.N., 1962, Obodnoe maloezvestnoe grupii molluskov [One little-known group of molluscs]: Byulleten' Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody, Otdel geologichskiy, v. 37, p. 164–165 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Skovsted, C.B., Martí Mus, M., Zhang, Z., Pan, B., Li, L., Lui, F., Li, G., and Zhang, Z., 2020, On the origin of hyolith helens: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 555, 109848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H.-J., Babcock, L.E., Peng, J., and Zhao, Y.-L, 2015, Hyolithids and associated trace fossils from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4), Guizhou, China: Palaeoworld, v. 24, p. 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2014.11.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H., Babcock, L.E., Peng, J., and Zhao, Y., 2016, Three-dimensionally preserved digestive systems of two Cambrian hyolithids (Hyolitha): Bulletin of Geosciences, v. 91, p. 51–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H., Babcock, L.E., Peng, J., and Kastigar, J.M., 2017, Systematics and palaeobiology of some Cambrian hyoliths from Guizhou, China, and Nevada, USA: Alcheringa, v. 41, p. 79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H-.J., Zhao, F.-C., Wen, R.-Q., Zeng, H. and Peng, J., 2018, Feeding strategy and locomotion of Cambrian hyolithides: Palaeoworld, v. 27, p. 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2018.03.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1957, K morfologii, sistematike i sistematicheskomu polozheniyu khiolitiov [To the morphology, systematics and systematic position of the Hyolithoidea]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Doklady, v. 116, p. 304–307. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1958, Nadotryad Hyolithoidea [Superorder Hyolithoidea], in Orlov, Y.A., Luppov, N.P., and Druschchits, V.V., eds., Osnovy Paleontologii. Molluski-golovonogie II: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, v. 2, p. 184–190. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1968, Stratigrafiya i khiolity drevnejshikh sloev nizhnego Kembriya Sibirskoy platformy [Stratigraphy and hyoliths of the oldest Lower Cambrian beds of the Siberian platform]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Yakutsk, Russia, Yakutskiy filial Sibirskogo otdeleniya Instituta Geologii, 67 p. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A. 1976a, O sledakh zhiznedeyatel'nosti organizmov iz nizhnego Kembriya Mongolii [On the traces of the life processes of organisms from the Lower Cambrian of the Siberian Platform] in Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya Mongolii: Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, Trudy, v. 3, p. 341–343. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1976b, On the systematics and systematic position of the hyoliths, in Tezisy dokladov soveshchaniya po problemy: Osnovnye problemy sistematiki zhivotnykh: Abstracts of Papers presented at the Conference on ‘Basic Problems of Animal Systematics.’Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1981, Iz istorii izcheniya khiolitov (k diskussii o sistematicheskom polozhenii) [Aspects of the history of the study of the hyoliths (toward a discussion of their systematic position)] in Problematiki Fanerozoya: Moscow, Nauka, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofizika Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskogo otdeleniya, v. 481, p. 85–92. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1984a, Morfologiya i sistematicheskoye polozheniye khiolitov: Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, v. 1984, p. 3–14 [Morphology and systematic position of the hyoliths: Palaeontological Journal, v. 1984, p. 1–10].Google Scholar
Sysoev, V.A., 1984b, Terminologiya i metodika issledovaniya khiolitov: Paleontologichesky zhurnal, v. 1976, p. 61–76 [Terminology and methods for investigation of hyolithids: Palaeontological Journal, v. 1976, p. 434–447].Google Scholar
Thoral, M., 1935, Contribution à l'étude paléontologique de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire et révision sommaire de la faune cambrienne de la Montagne Noire: Montpellier, Imprimerie de la Charité, 362 p.Google Scholar
Valent, M., 2006, Stratigraphic distribution of the class Hyolitha (Mollusca) in the Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Acta Universitatis Carolinae—Geologica, v. 47, p. 183–188.Google Scholar
Valent, M., 2010, Palaeogeographic distribution of Ordovician hyoliths: Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, v. 179, p. 179–182.Google Scholar
Valent, M., and Corbacho, J., 2015, Pauxillites thaddei a new Lower Ordovician hyolith from Morocco: Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B—Historia Naturalis, v. 71, p. 51–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valent, M., Fatka, O., Szabad, M., and Vokáč, V., 2011, Carinolithidae fam. nov., Carinolithes bohemicus sp. nov. and Slehoferites slehoferi gen. et sp. nov.—new hyolithid taxa from the Bohemian middle Cambrian (Skryje-Týřovice Basin, Czech Republic): Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, v. 91, p. 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valkov, A.K., 1990, Taksonomiya vysshikh kategorii khiolitov [Taxonomy of the higher categories of the hyoliths], in Sokolov B.S., and Zhuravleva I.T., eds., Iskopaemye problematiki SSSR: Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, Sibirskogo Otdeleniya, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, v. 783, p. 34–50. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Vannier, J., 2012, Gut contents as direct indicators for trophic relationships in the Cambrian marine ecosystem: PLoS ONE, vol. 7(12), e52200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vannier, J., and Chen, J., 2005, Early Cambrian food chain: new evidence from fossil aggregates in the Maotianshan Shale biota, Southwestern China: Palaios, v. 20, p. 3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verneuil, E. de, and Barrande, J., 1855, Description des fossiles trouvés dans les terrains Silurien et Dévonien d'Almadén, d'une partie de la Sierra Morena et des Montagnes de Tolède: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 2ème sér., v. 12, p. 964–1025.Google Scholar
Vinassa de Regny, P., 1927, Fossili ordoviciani sardi. Parte Prima: Memorie della Regia Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di Scienze fisiche, ser. 6, v. 2, p. 437–496.Google Scholar
Yochelson, E.L., 1974, Redescription of the Early Cambrian Helenia bella Walcott, an appendage of Hyolithes: Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey, v. 2, p. 717–722.Google Scholar
Yochelson, E.L., 1979, Gastropod opercula as objects for paleobiogeographic study, in Gray, J., and Boucot, A.J., eds, Historical Biogeography, Plate Tectonics, and the Changing Environment. Proceedings of the Thirty-seventh Annual Biology Colloquium and Selected Papers: Corvallis, Oregon State University Press, p. 37–43.Google Scholar
Zázvorka, V., 1928, Revision of the Hyoliths from dγ1: Palaeontographica Bohemiae, v. 13, p. 1–44.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z.L., Skovsted, C.B. and Zhang, Z.F., 2018, A hyolithid without helens preserving the oldest hyolith muscle scars; palaeobiology of Paramicrocornus from the Shujingtuo Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of South China: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 489, p. 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar