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Redescription, paleogeography, and experimental paleoecology of the Silurian phyllocarid Gonatocaris

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2020

Joseph H. Collette Open the ORCID record for Joseph H. Collette [Opens in a new window]  and
Roy E. Plotnick Open the ORCID record for Roy E. Plotnick [Opens in a new window]
Joseph H. Collette
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Minot State University, 500 University Ave West, Minot, North Dakota, 58707, USA
Roy E. Plotnick
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL60607, USA
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Abstract

Gonatocaris decora (Clarke, 1901) is an unusual, highly ornamented Silurian phyllocarid from the Pittsford Shale Member of the Vernon Formation, Salina Group of New York, that has been allied with Emmelezoe in the past due to the possession of an ‘optic tubercle.’ The systematic positions of Gonatocaris and Emmelezoe have been difficult to assess due to the lack of complete remains, attributions based on spurious characters, and missing and unfigured specimens. Relatively recent collections of Gonatocaris decora, along with a relocation of the original type material of Emmelezoe, have allowed a reexamination of all relevant genera and a more robust systematic placement for G. decora. Characters of generic importance for Gonatocaris include a greatly elongated abdomen; an acute angle of the ventral carapace margin separating distinct anteroventral and posteroventral margins from each other; and distinctive, multiscale horizontal ridge-like ornament of the carapace valves. Growth was found to be isometric. Experimental work done using a model of the scale-like ornament and multiple grain sizes of substrate indicates that cuticle ornament may have served to increase friction between the animal and a fine sand substrate, although resistance to predation is the currently favored hypothesis. Because Gonatocaris species are currently known only from the eastern margin of Laurentia and northern South China, it is likely that this genus was nektonic. Accumulations of similarly sized carapaces and other disarticulated sclerites in shallow-water settings may indicate spawning events following molting en masse.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 906 - 921
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Copyright © 2020, The Paleontological Society

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