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The youngest carpoid: occurrence, affinities, and life mode of a Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) mitrate from Oklahoma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Dennis R. Kolata ,
Terrence J. Frest  and
Royal H. Mapes
Dennis R. Kolata
Affiliation:
Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 E. Peabody, Champaign 61820
Terrence J. Frest
Affiliation:
Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum, DB-10, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
Royal H. Mapes
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens 45701
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Abstract

Abundant, well-preserved specimens of a new peltocystidan mitrate carpoid, Jaekelocarpus oklahomensis n. gen. and sp., have been discovered in the Pennsylvanian (Morrowan Series) Gene Autry Shale Member, Golf Course Formation, in southern Oklahoma. The new carpoid postdates the youngest previously known carpoids (Middle Devonian) by about 65 million years. It is characterized by a small (to 4 mm in length) globose theca composed of six plates: two large adaulacophorals, two large marginals, and two relatively small plates that frame the main thecal orifice. One of the plates at the orifice bears a single stout spine. The theca and plates that comprise the theca display a high degree of bilateral symmetry. In contrast, the styloid has an asymmetrical array of spines and blades.

We hypothesize that most mitrates, including this one, were adapted to an infaunal life mode. The streamlined, generally symmetrical body shape is an adaptation to moving on or through the substrate. Spines and blades on the lower surface of the styloid and proximal aulacophore are inferred to be adaptations for gripping the substrate as the animal pulled itself backwards (aulacophore first). The main thecal orifice opposite the aulacophore was the site of both mouth and anus. Evidence for a sluggish, epifaunal life mode in the cornute carpoids includes the typically flattened, asymmetrical body, the presence of downward projecting spines and knobs on the marginal thecal plates of many species, and the specialized thecal pores and slits that faced away from the substrate.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 65 , Issue 5 , September 1991 , pp. 844 - 855
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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