Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:07:12.505Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An experimental analysis of modifications to the survivor benefit information within the Social Security statement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2018

JEFFREY DIEBOLD
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, School of Public and International Affairs, 212 Caldwell Hall, Campus Box 8102, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA (e-mail: jcdiebol@ncsu.edu)
SUSAN CAMILLERI
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science and Policy Studies, Elon University, Campus Box 2333, Office 101B Gray Pavilion, Elon, NC 27244, USA

Abstract

The Social Security Statement is the primary resource most workers prefer to use to learn about their Social Security benefits. The Social Security Administration periodically mails this and supporting documents to all workers to help them make informed decisions about when to start receiving their benefits. Understandably, the Statement provides detailed information about the worker's retirement benefit. However, these documents contain remarkably little information about the survivor benefit despite the financial importance of this particular auxiliary benefit to the widows of deceased workers in widowhood. We analyze the effect of modifications to the survivor benefit information in the Statement on benefit knowledge and expected claiming behavior of married men using an experimental survey of workers. The results provide evidence that the augmentation of this information can temporarily improve benefit knowledge and influence expected claim ages.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrouillet, P., Portrat, S., Vergauwe, E., Diependaele, K., and Camos, V. (2011). Further evidence for temporal decay in working memory: reply to Lewandowsky and Oberauer (2009). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(5): 13021317.Google Scholar
Biggs, A. (2010). Improving the Social Security Statement. Washington, DC: Financial Literacy Center, Working Paper WR-794-SSA.Google Scholar
Brown, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10: 1221.Google Scholar
Brown, J., Kapteyn, A., Mitchell, O., and Mattox, T. (2013). Framing the Social Security Earnings Test. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton Pension Research Council, Working Paper 6.Google Scholar
Brown, J. R., Kapteyn, A., and Mitchell, O. S. (2016). Framing and claiming: how information-framing affects expected social security claiming behavior. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 83(1): 139162.Google Scholar
Brown, K. S. and Perron, R. (2011). Assessing Current and Future Beneficiaries’ Knowledge of Social Security Benefits. Washington, DC: AARP Research and Strategic Analysis.Google Scholar
Diebold, J., Moulton, J., and Scott, J. (2017). Early claiming of higher-earning husbands, the survivor benefit, and the incidence of poverty among recent widows. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 16(4): 485508.Google Scholar
Dillman, D., Smyth, J., and Christian, L. (2009). Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Eppler, M. J. and Mengis, J. (2004). The concept of information overload: a review of literature from organization science, accounting, marketing, MIS, and related disciplines. The Information Society, 20(5): 325344.Google Scholar
Fleishman-Mayer, L. A., Hung, A. A., Yoong, J. K., Clift, J., and Tassot, C. (2013). Designing Better Pension Benefits Statements: Current Status, Best Practices and Insights From the Field of Judgment and Decisionmaking. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, Working Paper 951.Google Scholar
Gerber, A. S., Gimpel, J. G., Green, D. P., and Shaw, D. R. (2011). How large and long-lasting are the persuasive effects of televised campaign ads? Results from a randomized field experiment. American Political Science Review, 105(01): 135150.Google Scholar
Gillen, M. and Kim, H. (2009). Older women and poverty transition: consequences of income source changes from widowhood. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 28(3): 320341.Google Scholar
Greenwald, M., Kapteyn, A., Mitchell, O. S., and Schneider, L. (2010). What do People Know About Social Security? Philadelphia, PA: Financial Literacy Center, Working Paper WR-792-SSA.Google Scholar
Hilgert, M. A., Hogarth, J. M., and Beverly, S. G. (2003). Household financial management: the connection between knowledge and behavior. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 89: 309.Google Scholar
Hubener, A., Maurer, R., and Mitchell, O. S. (2015). How family status and social security claiming options shape optimal life cycle portfolios. The Review of Financial Studies, 29(4): 937978.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. W., Smith, K. E., and Haaga, O. (2013). How did the Great Recession Affect Social Security Claiming? Program on Retirement Policy Brief 37. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Karamcheva, N. and Munnell, A. H. (2007). Why are Widows so Poor? Center for Retirement Research Issues in Brief IB#7–9. Boston, MA: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.Google Scholar
Kimball, M. S. and Shumway, T. (2010). Investor sophistication and the home bias, diversification, and employer stock puzzles. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1572866orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1572866Google Scholar
Liebman, J. B. and Luttmer, E. F. (2012). The perception of social security incentives for labor supply and retirement: the median voter knows more than you'd think. Tax Policy and the Economy, 26(1): 142.Google Scholar
Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., and Brau, S. (1995). The responsive voter: campaign information and the dynamics of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 89(02): 309326.Google Scholar
Lusardi, A. (2008). Financial Literacy: An Essential Tool for Informed Consumer Choice? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 14084.Google Scholar
Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O. S. (2007). Financial literacy and retirement preparedness: evidence and implications for financial education. Business Economics, 42(1): 3544.Google Scholar
Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., and Curto, V. (2009). Financial Literacy and Financial Sophistication among Older Americans. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 15469.Google Scholar
Mastrobuoni, G. (2011). The role of information for retirement behavior: evidence based on the stepwise introduction of the social security statement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7): 913925.Google Scholar
Maurer, R., Mitchell, O. S., Rogalla, R., and Schimetschek, T. (2016). Will they take the money and work? People's willingness to delay claiming social security benefits for A lump sum. Journal of Risk and Insurance. doi: 10.1111/jori.12173.Google Scholar
Munnell, A. H. and Sass, S. A. (2008). Working Longer: The Solution to the Retirement Income Challenge. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Perron, R. (2012). Paper by Choice: People of all Ages Prefer to Receive Retirement Plan Information on Paper. Washington, DC: AARP Research and Strategic Analysis.Google Scholar
Perron, R. (2015). Social Security Planning in 2015 & Beyond: Perspectives of Future Beneficiaries and Financial Planners. Washington, DC: Collaborative Research between AARP and the Financial Planning Association (FPA).Google Scholar
Portrat, S., Barrouillet, P. N., and Camos, V. (2008). Time-related decay or interference-based forgetting in working memory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 34(6): 15611564.Google Scholar
Poterba, J., Venti, S., and Wise, D. (2013). Correction: the composition and drawdown of wealth in retirement. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(4): 219221.Google Scholar
Ricker, T. J., Vergauwe, E., and Cowan, N. (2016). Decay theory of immediate memory: from brown (1958) to today (2014). The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(10): 19691995.Google Scholar
Sass, S. A. (2015). Does the Social Security ‘Statement’ add Value? Center for Retirement Research Issues in Brief IB#2015–11. Boston, MA: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.Google Scholar
Sass, S. A., Sun, W., and Webb, A. (2007). Why do Married men Claim Social Security Benefits so Early? Ignorance or Caddishness? Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research, Working Paper 2007–17.Google Scholar
Sevak, P., Weir, D. R., and Willis, R. J. (2005). The economic consequences of a husband's death: evidence from the HRS and AHEAD. Social Security Bulletin, 65(3): 3144.Google Scholar
Smith, B. A. and Couch, K. A. (2014 a). Social security statement: background, implementation, and recent developments. Social Security Bulletin, 74(2): 125.Google Scholar
Smith, B. A. and Couch, K. A. (2014 b). How effective is the social security statement? Informing younger workers about social security. Social Security Bulletin, 74(4): 119.Google Scholar
Social Security Administration (2016 a). Income of the Aged Chartbook, 2014 (SSA Publication No. 13–11700). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Social Security Administration (2016 b). Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin, 2015 (SSA Publication No. 13–11700). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Social Security Administration (2016 c). Income of the Population 55 or Older, 2014 (SSA Publication No. 13-11871). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Social Security Advisory Board (2009). The Social Security Statement: How it Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: Social Security Advisory Board.Google Scholar
Tamborini, C. and Whitman, K. (2007). Women, marriage, and social security benefits revisited. Social Security Bulletin, 67: 1.Google Scholar
Weaver, D. A. (2010). Widows and social security. Social Security Bulletin, 70(3): 89109.Google Scholar
Zick, C. D. and Holden, K. (2000). An assessment of the wealth holdings of recent widows. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55(2): S90S97.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Diebold and Camilleri supplementary material

Diebold and Camilleri supplementary material 1

Download Diebold and Camilleri supplementary material(File)
File 13.7 KB