Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:49:06.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modeling and simulations of high-power microwave devices using the CHIPIC code

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2012

JUN ZHOU ,
D. G. LIU  and
C. LIAO
JUN ZHOU
Affiliation:
School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China (zhoujun@uestc.org)
D. G. LIU
Affiliation:
School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China (zhoujun@uestc.org)
C. LIAO
Affiliation:
School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China (zhoujun@uestc.org)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The CHIPIC code, a fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code for modeling and simulations of high-power microwave (HPM) devices, is introduced in this paper. It consists of a two-dimensional (2D) code and a three-dimensional (3D) code. The 2D code can model and simulate HPM devices with symmetric structure on 2D Cartesian, cylindrical and polar grids, while the 3D code can model and simulate HPM devices on 3D Cartesian and cylindrical grids. The fields are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain scheme, and the particles are described by the PIC scheme. Various types of boundary conditions have also been implemented for different kinds of applications. In addition, the 3D code is specifically designed for high-performance modeling and computing. It uses the message passing interface and the open specifications for multiprocessing (OpenMP) for parallelization. Its parallel design ensures that it is capable of efficiently executing on a variety of architectures. In order to allow efficient use of parallel architectures, it provides automated partitioning and dynamic load balancing. Even though this code is still in development, it has successfully simulated various real-world HPM experimental devices. Simulation results on some typical HPM devices by using the CHIPIC code are given, which agree well with those obtained from some well-known PIC codes. Direction for future work is also presented.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Plasma Physics , Volume 79 , Issue 1 , February 2013 , pp. 69 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antonsen, T. M. Jr, Mondelli, A. A., Levush, B., Verboncoeur, J. P. and Birdsall, C. K. 1999 Advances in modeling and simulation of vacuum electronic devices. Proc. IEEE 87, 804–839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, R. J. and Schamiloglu, E. 2001 High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies. New York: IEEE Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benford, J., Swegle, J. and Schamiloglu, E. 2007 High Power Microwaves, 2nd edn.New York: Taylor & Francis.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsall, C. K. 1991 Particle-in-cell charged-particle simulations, plus Monte Carlo collisions with neutral atoms, PIC-MCC. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 19, 65–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsall, C. K. and Langdon, A. B. 1985 Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Blahovec, J. D., Bowers, L. A., Luginsland, J. W., Sasser, G. E. and Watrous, J. J. 2000 3D ICEPIC simulations of the relativistic Klystron oscillator. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 821–829.Google Scholar
Boris, J. P. 1970 Relativistic plasma simulation: optimization of a hybrid code. In: Proc. 4th Conf. on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas. Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory, pp. 3–67.Google Scholar
Chan, H. W., Chen, C. and Davidson, R. C. 1990 Computer simulation of relativistic multiresonator cylindrical magnetrons. Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1271–1273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, K. R. 2004 The electron cyclotron maser. Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 489–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R. E. and Hughes, T. P. 2005 LSP Users Manual and Reference for LSP Version 8.7. Newington, VA: ATK Mission Systems Inc.Google Scholar
Gaponov-Grekhov, A. V. and Granatstein, V. L. 1994 Applications of High-Power Microwaves. Boston, MA: Artech House.Google Scholar
Gedney, S. D. 1996 An anisotropic perfectly matched layer-absorbing medium for the truncation of FDTD lattices. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 44, 1630–1639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, Z. H., Liu, P. K., Su, N. Y., Xu, S. X. and Xue, Q. Z. 2010 Design of a Ka band 35 kW CW low-voltage harmonic gyrotron. J. Infrared Milli. Terahertz Waves 31, 41–47.Google Scholar
Geng, R. L., Padamsee, H., Belomestnykh, S., Goudket, P., Dykes, D. M. and Carter, R. G. 2003 Suppression of multipacting in rectangular coupler waveguides. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 508, 227–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfrey, B. B. 1980 Time-biased field solver for electromagnetic PIC codes. In: Proc. 9th Conf. on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas, Evanston, IL.Google Scholar
Goplen, B., Ludeking, L., Smithe, D. and Warren, G. 1995 User-configurable MAGIC for electromagnetic PIC calculations. Comput. Phys. Commun. 87, 54–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grisham, L. R. 2009 Magnetic insulation to improve voltage holding in electrostatic accelerators. Phys. Plasmas 16, 043111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hockney, R. W. and Eastwood, J. W. 1981 Computer Simulation Using Particles. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Jiang, W., Woolverton, K., Dickens, J. and Kristiansen, M. 1999 High power microwave generation by a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27, 1538–1542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lau, Y. Y., Friedman, M., Krall, J. and Serlin, V. 1990 Relativistic Klystron amplifiers driven by modulated intense relativistic electron beams. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18, 553–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemke, R. W., Calico, S. E. and Clark, M. C. 1997 Investigation of a load-limited, magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO). IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 25, 364–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemke, R. W., Clark, M. C. and Marder, B. M. 1994 Theoretical and experimental investigation of a method for increasing the output power of a microwave tube based on the split-cavity oscillator. J. Appl. Phys. 75, 5423–5432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W. and Liu, Y. G. 2010 Choosing optimum method for the efficient design of a relativistic magnetron with diffraction output. J. Appl. Phys. 108, 113303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W. and Liu, Y. G. 2011 Modified magnetic field distribution in relativistic magnetron with diffraction output for compact operation. Phys. Plasmas 18, 023103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, C., Liu, D. and Liu, S. 2009 Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation by parallel computing. Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 6709–6718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreland, L. D., Schamiloglu, E., Lemke, R. W., Roitman, A. M., Korovin, S. D. and Rostov, V. V. 1996 Enhanced frequency agility of high power relativistic backward wave oscillators. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 24, 852–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieter, C. and Cary, J. R. 2004 VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code. J. Comput. Phys. 196, 448–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pukhov, A. 1999 Three-dimensional electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell code VLPL (virtual laser plasma lab). J. Plasma Phys. 61, 425–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, F., Wang, D., Wen, J., Chen, D. B. and Fan, Z. K. 2011 A novel method to depress higher order mode generation in MILO. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 39, 545–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasser, G. E., Havranek, J. J., Colella, S. L. and Watrous, J. W. 1998 Modified PIC algorithm for efficient multiprocessor simulations. In: Proc. 16th Conf. Numerical Simulations of Plasmas, Santa Barbara, CA.Google Scholar
Stratakis, D., Gallardo, J. C. and Palmer, R. B. 2011 Enhancement of accelerating field of microwave cavities by magnetic insulation. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 643, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taflove, A. and Hagness, S. C. 2000 Computational Electrodynamics, 2nd edn.Norwood: Artech House.Google Scholar
Tang, Y., Meng, L., Li, H., Zheng, L., Yin, Y. and Wang, B. 2012 A dual-frequency coaxial relativistic backward-wave oscillator with a modulating resonant reflector. Phys Scr 85, 055801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarakanov, V. P. 2001 User's Manual for Code KARAT. Springfield, VA: Berkeley Research Associates.Google Scholar
Verboncoeur, J. P. 2005 Particle simulation of plasmas: review and advances. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. 47, A231–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verboncoeur, J. P., Langdon, A. B. and Gladd, N. T. 1995 An object-oriented electromagnetic PIC code. Comput. Phys. Commun. 87, 199–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J., Kondrashov, D., Liewer, P. C. and Karmesin, S. R. 1999 Three-dimensional deformable-grid electromagnetic particle-in-cell for parallel computers. J. Plasma Phys. 61, 367–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yee, K. S. 1966 Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14, 302–307.Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Liu, D., Liao, C. and Li, Z. 2009 CHIPIC: an efficient code for electromagnetic PIC modeling and simulation. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37, 2002–2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J., Zhu, D., Liu, D. and Liu, S. 2006 Design and realization of waveguide excitation source in particle-in-cell simulation. High Power Laser Part. Beams 18, 2019–2024.Google Scholar