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Revisiting Discrepancy Theory in Learning Disabilities: What Went Wrong and Why We Should Go Back

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2012

Sarah Callinan ,
Everarda Cunningham  and
Stephen Theiler
Sarah Callinan*
Affiliation:
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Everarda Cunningham
Affiliation:
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Stephen Theiler
Affiliation:
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
*
address for correspondence: Dr Sarah Callinan, Faculty of Higher Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Lilydale VIC 3140, Australia. Email: scallinan@swin.edu.au
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Abstract

The rise in popularity of Response to Intervention (RTI) as a method of identifying Learning Disabilities (LD) is partially due to the psychometric and theoretical issues inherent to the use of IQ tests in the once popular discrepancy method of identification. However, both RTI and discrepancy theories have their shortcomings, and criticisms directed at either method are usually applicable to both. This conceptual article puts forward a justification for using tests of the cognitive processes that are implicated in LD as a better method of LD identification. Although the unsuitability of the discrepancy method to accurately identify LD students is well established, it does represent the construct of LD well. Therefore, the discrepancy method can be used as an effective baseline measure against which improved identification procedures based on cognitive processes can be measured. Once these cognitive processes are more clearly defined, tests of these processes offer promise for LD identification.

Keywords

learning disabilitiesdiscrepancyresponse to interventioncognitive deficits
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , June 2013 , pp. 1 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2012

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