Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:35:39.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taking Action Against Victimisation: Australian Middle School Students’ Experiences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2016

Eleni Didaskalou*
Affiliation:
School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
Grace Skrzypiec
Affiliation:
School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
Eleni Andreou
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Education, University of Thessaly, Greece
Phillip Slee
Affiliation:
School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
*
address for correspondence: Eleni Didaskalou, Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, Argonafton & Filellinon, 38221, Volos, Greece. Email: edidask@uth.gr
Get access

Abstract

Victimisation among students has been identified as a serious problem in Australian schools. This study investigated approaches taken by South Australian middle school students for dealing with victimisation. Over 170 students (aged 11–16) described how they coped with bullying and situations where they needed to take action against bullying. A content analysis of their responses found that students used coping strategies, including: (a) seeking social support, (b) standing up for peers/friends, (c) externalising, (d) nonchalance, (e) sticking up for oneself, (f) problem-solving, (g) submission, (h) reducing tense emotions/assertiveness, and (i) escape. One of the significant findings was that students did not identify school counsellors as a source of coping support, which has implications for their role in addressing incidents of victimisation.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Askell-Williams, H., & Lawson, M. (2015). Relationships between students’ mental health and their perspectives of life at school. Health Education, 11, 249268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, S., Rigby, K., & Hoppa, K. (2008). US teachers’ and school counsellors’ strategies for handling school bullying incidents. Educational Psychology, 28, 837856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVIVO. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Bazeley, P. (2009). Analyzing qualitative data: More than ‘identifying themes’. The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2, 622.Google Scholar
Bhat, C. (2008). Cyber bullying: Overview and strategies for school counsellors, guidance officers, and all school personnel. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 18, 5366.Google Scholar
Black, S., Weinles, D., & Washington, E. (2010). Victim strategies to stop bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8, 138147.Google Scholar
Camodeca, M., & Goossens, F.A., (2005). Children's opinions on effective strategies to cope with bullying: The importance of bullying role and perspective. Educational Research, 47, 93105.Google Scholar
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Creswell, J., & Plano-Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Crothers, L.M., Kolbertb, J.B., & Barker, W.F. (2006). Middle school students’ preferences for anti-bullying interventions. School Psychology International, 27, 475487.Google Scholar
Dedousis-Wallace, A., & Shute, R. (2009). Indirect bullying: Predictors of teacher intervention, and outcome of a pilot educational presentation about impact on adolescent mental health. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 9, 217.Google Scholar
DeRosier, M.E., & Marcus, S.R., (2005). Building friendships and combating bullying: Effectiveness of S.S.GRIN at one-year follow-up. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34, 140150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dowling, M.J., & Carey, T.A. (2013). Victims of bullying: Whom they seek help from and why: An Australian sample. Psychology in the Schools, 50, 798809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elledge, L.C., Cavell, T.A., Ogle, N.T., Malcolm, K.T., Newgent, R.A., & Faith, M.A. (2010). History of peer victimization and children's response to school bullying. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 129141.Google Scholar
Fekkes, M., Pijper, F.M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when, and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behaviour. Health Education Research, 20, 8191.Google Scholar
Frisen, A., Hasselblad, T., & Holmqvist, K. (2012). What actually makes bullying stop? Reports from former victims. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 981990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993). The Adolescent Coping Scale: Practitioners manual. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E., Lewis, R., Bugalski, K., Cotta, A., McCarthy, C., Luscombe-Smith, N., & Poole, C. (2004). Prevention is better than cure. Emotional Psychology in Practice, 20, 117133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerra, N., Williams, K., & Sadek, S. (2011). Understanding bullying and victimization during childhood and adolescence: A mixed methods study. Child Development, 82, 295310.Google Scholar
Harris, S., & Willoughby, W. (2003). Teacher perceptions of student bullying. ERS Spectrum, 21, 1118.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, K., & Bauman, S. (2007). Bullying in schools: School counsellors’ responses to types of bullying incidents. Professional School Counseling, 11, 18.Google Scholar
Joreskog, K.G., & Sorbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User's Reference Guide. Lincolnwood, II: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Kanetsuna, T., Smith, P.K., & Morita, Y. (2006). Coping with bullying at school: Children's recommended strategies and attitudes to school-based Interventions in England and Japan. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 570580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Skinner, K. (2002). Children's coping strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Developmental Psychology, 38, 267278.Google Scholar
Kristensen, S.M., & Smith, P.K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 479488.Google Scholar
Kulig, J.C., Hall, B.L., & Kalischuk, G. (2008). Bullying perspectives among rural youth: A mixed methods approach. Rural and Remote Health, 8, 111. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/1261 Google Scholar
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). The coping process: An alternative to traditional formulations. In Lazarus, R.S. and Folkman, S. (Eds.), Stress, appraisal and coping (pp. 141–132). New York: Springer Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Lund, E., Blake, J., Ewing, H., & Banks, C. (2012). School counsellors’ and school psychologists’ bullying prevention and intervention strategies: A look into real-world practices. Journal of School Violence, 11, 246265.Google Scholar
McCormac, M.E. (2014). Preventing and responding to bullying: An elementary school's 4-year journey. Professional School Counseling, 18, 114.Google Scholar
Murray-Harvey, R. (2010). Relationships influences on students’ academic achievement, psychological health and well-being at school. Educational and Child Psychology, 27, 104115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray-Harvey, R., & Slee, P.T. (2006). Australian and Japanese school students’ experiences of school bullying and victimization: Associations with stress, support and school belonging. International Journal on Violence in Schools, 2, 3350.Google Scholar
Murray-Harvey, R., Skrzypiec, G., & Slee, P.T. (2012). Effective and ineffective coping with bullying strategies as assessed by informed professionals and their use by victimized students. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 22, 122138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, R.S. (2008). Adaptive and nonadaptive help seeking with peer harassment: An integrative perspective of coping and self-Regulation. Educational Psychologist, 43, 115.Google Scholar
Paul, S., Smith, P.K., & Blumberg, H.H. (2012). Comparing student perceptions of coping strategies and school interventions in managing bullying and cyberbullying incidents. Pastoral Care in Education, 30, 127146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raviv, A., Raviv, A., Vago-Gefen, I., & Fink, A.S. (2009). The personal service gap: Factors affecting adolescents’ willingness to seek help. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 483499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skrzypiec, G. (2008). Living and learning at school. Paper presented at the annula conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education. Brisbane, Australia. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/228383467_Living_and_Learning_at_School Google Scholar
Skrzypiec, G., Roussi-Vergou, C., & Andreou, E. (2011). Common problems, common solutions? Applying a foreign ‘coping with bullying’ intervention in Greek schools. In Shute, R.H., Slee, P.T., Murray-Harvey, R., & Dix, K.L. (Eds.), Mental health and wellbeing: Educational perspectives (pp. 263274). Adelaide, Australia: Shannon Research Press.Google Scholar
Skrzypiec, G., Slee, P., Murray-Harvey, R., & Perreira, B. (2011). School bullying by one or more ways: Does it matter and how do students cope? School Psychology International, 32, 288311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skrzypiec, G., Slee, P.T., Roussi-Vergou, C., & Andreou, E. (2013). Coping with school bullying: A pilot cross-national intervention study. Journal of Modern Greek Studies (Australia and New Zealand), Special Issue, 232245.Google Scholar
Slee, P.T. (1996). The PEACE Pack: A programme for reducing bullying in schools. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 5, 215224.Google Scholar
Slee, P.T., & Rigby, K. (1993). Australian school children's self-appraisal of interpersonal relations: The bullying experience. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 23, 272283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slee, P., & Murray-Harvey, R. (2008, July). Experts’ views on students’ strategies for copying with bullying. Paper presented at ISRA XVIII World Meeting, Budapest, Hungary.Google Scholar
Tenenbaum, L.S., Varjas, K., Meyers, J., & Parris, L. (2011). Coping strategies and perceived effectiveness in fourth through eighth grade victims of bullying. School Psychology International, 32, 263287.Google Scholar
Terranova, A.M. (2009). Factors that influence children's responses to peer victimization. Child Youth Care Forum, 38, 253271.Google Scholar
Varjas, K., Meyers, J., Bellmoff, L., Lopp, E., Birckbichler, L., & Marshall, M. (2008). Missing voices: Fourth through eighth grade urban students’ perceptions of bullying. Journal of School Violence, 7, 97118.Google Scholar
Welsh, E. (2002). Dealing with data: Using NVIVO in the qualitative data analysis process. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3, 19.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S. (2004). Focus groups. In Smith, J.A. (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 184204). London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar