Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T12:18:10.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Using storytelling to unpack resilience theory in accordance with an internationally recognised resilience framework with primary school children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2021

Sarah Tillott*
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Noelene Weatherby-Fell
Affiliation:
School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Phil Pearson
Affiliation:
School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Michelle M. Neumann
Affiliation:
School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: stillott@uow.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

Resilience can be a protective trait to promote mental health when implemented in the early years. This study explored the use of storytelling to foster children’s learning of resilience. A pedagogically appropriate storybook was used to facilitate and embed the skills of resilience in children at primary school. Teachers (n = 2) and community-based sports officers (n = 2) read the storybook to children enrolled in Kindergarten (first formal year of schooling) (n = 20), Year 1 (n = 20) and Year 2 (n = 20). The total number in the participant group was 60, aged 4–8 years old. Following the initial reading, teachers continued to deliver the storybook to children over a 4-week intervention period. All participants were interviewed about their perceptions of the storybook, and their responses were coded into key themes mapped by the Grotberg Resilience Framework. Results indicated that storytelling as a tool provided children with positive resilience-based behavioural intervention opportunities.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2017). Australia’s health 2016 (Australia’s Health Series no. 15; Cat. no. AUS 199). https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016/contents/summary Google Scholar
Bouchard, S., Gervais, J., Gagnier, N., & Loranger, C. (2013). Evaluation of a primary prevention program for anxiety disorders using story books with children aged 9-12 years. Journal of Primary Prevention, 34, 345358. doi: 10.1007/s10935-013-0317-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berson, I., & Baggerly, J. (2009). Building resilience to trauma: Creating a safe and supportive early childhood classroom. Childhood Education, 85, 375379. http://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2009.10521404 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahill, H., Beadle, S., Farrelly, A., Forster, R., & Smith, K. (2015). Building resilience in children and young people: A literature review for the Department of Education and Early Childhood development (DEECD). Melbourne Graduate School of Education Youth Research Centre.Google Scholar
Davidson, R., & McEwen, B. (2012). Social influences on neuroplasticity: Stress and interventions to promote well-being. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 689695. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3093 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dweck, C.S. (1999). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development. Taylor and FrancisGoogle Scholar
Dweck, C., Chiu, C.-Y., Hong, Y.-Y. (1995). Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: A word from two perspectives. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 267285. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandez-Duque, D., Baird, J., & Posner, M. (2000). Executive attention and metacognitive regulation. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 288307. http://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.2000.0447 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garaigordobil, M., & Machimbarrena, J.M. (2017). Stress, competence, and parental educational styles in victims and aggressors of bullying and cyberbullying. Psicothema, 29, 335340. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/4402.pdf Google ScholarPubMed
Garmezy, N. (1987). Stress, competence, and development: Continuities in the study of schizophrenic adults, children vulnerable to psychopathology, and the search for stress-resistant children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 159174. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03526.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garmezy, N. (1991a). Resilience in children’s adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments. Pediatric Annals, 20, 459460, 463–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garmezy, N. (1991b). Resiliency and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further Education Unit, Oxford Brookes University.Google Scholar
Goleman, D., Bennett, L., & Barlow, Z. (2012). Ecoliterate: How educators are cultivating emotional, social, and ecological intelligence. Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Grotberg, E.H. (1995). The International Resilience Project: Promoting resilience in children. Civitan International Research Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED383424.pdf Google Scholar
Grotberg, E.H. (1997). The International Resilience Project: Findings from the research and the effectiveness of interventions. In B. Bain et al. (Eds.), Psychology and education in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Convention of the International Council of Psychologists. IC Press.Google Scholar
Heath, M.A., Sheen, D., Leavy, D., Young, E., & Money, K. (2005). Bibliotherapy: A resource to facilitate emotional healing and growth. School Psychology International, 26, 563580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034305060792 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T.C., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J.H. (2006). A new scale for adolescent resilience: Grasping the central protective resources behind healthy development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 39, 8496. doi: 10.1080/07481756.2006. 11909791CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, Y.-Y., Dweck, C. S., Chiu, C.-Y., Lin, D. M.-S., & Wan, W. (1999). Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 588599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masten, A.S., & Coatsworth, J.D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53, 205220. http://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.53.2.205 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A.S., & Tellegen, A. (2012). Resilience in developmental psychopathology: Contributions of the Project Competence longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 345361. http://doi.org/10.1017/s095457941200003x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayr, T., & Ulich, M. (2009). Social-emotional well-being and resilience of children in early childhood settings — PERIK: An empirically based observation scale for practitioners. Journal of International Research & Development, 29, 4557. http://doi.org/10.1080/09575140802636290 Google Scholar
Nicoll, W.G. (2014). Developing transformative schools: A resilience-focused paradigm for education. International Journal of Emotional Education, 6, 4765.Google Scholar
Nolan, A., Taket, A., & Stagnitti, K. (2014). Supporting resilience in early years classrooms: The role of the teacher. Teachers and Teaching, 20, 595608. http://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.937955 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NSW Department of Education and Communities (NSW DEC). (2015). Wellbeing framework for schools. https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/wellbeing/about/16531_Wellbeing-Framework-for-schools_Acessible.pdf Google Scholar
Reavley, N., Bassilios, B., Ryan, S., Schlichthorst, M., & Nicholas, A. (2015). Interventions to build resilience among young people: A literature review. Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children’s responses to stress and disadvantage. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 8, 324338.Google ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (2007). Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 205209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (1998). Developmental catch-up, and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 465476. http://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00343 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (2008). Institutional effects on children: Design issues and substantive findings. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 73, 271278. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2008.00497.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (2013). Annual research review: Resilience — clinical implications. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 474487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidenfeld, A., Johnson, S., Cavadel, E., & Izard, C. (2014). Theory of mind predicts emotion knowledge development in Head Start children. Early Education and Development, 25, 933948. http://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2014.883587 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seligman, M.E.P. (1995). The optimistic child. Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Shean, M. (2010). Resilience in Western Australian adolescents: A model of the processes that occur between risk and success (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Edith Cowan University.Google Scholar
Skinner, E.A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. (2016). The development of coping: Stress, neurophysiology, social relationships and resilience during childhood and adolescence. Springer International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Z.E., Eisenberg, N., VanSchyndel, S.K., Eggum-Wilkens, N.D., & Spinrad, T.L. (2014). Children’s negative emotions and ego-resiliency: Longitudinal relations with social competence. Emotion, 14, 397406. doi: 10.1037/a0035079 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tillott, S. (2019). An investigation into the elements of resilience that children identify from reading Game ON. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Wollongong.Google Scholar
Ungar, M. (2004). A constructionist discourse on resilience: Multiple contexts, multiple realities among at-risk children and youth. Youth & Society, 35, 341365. http://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x03257030 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ungar, M. (2006). Resilience across cultures. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 218235. http://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl343 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, E. (1989). High-risk children in young adulthood: A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 7281. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01636.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werner, E. (1997). Vulnerable but invincible: High-risk children from birth to adulthood. Acta Paediatrica, 86, 103105. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18356.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, W., Dweck, C.S., & Mueller, C. (1998). Implicit theories and depression-like responses to failure. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar