Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:08:58.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Changing Frames of Reference and Regulatory Structures: French Airport Policy in Transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2011

Philippe Villard*
Affiliation:
Political Science, Concordia University
*
Philippe Villard Concordia University Department of Political Science 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W. Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada e-mail: p_villar@live.concordia.ca

Abstract

Changes in the regulatory state, the privatization of network industries in Europe and in air transport have led to a redefinition of how airports are regulated. The French model of state ownership and regulation of airports became progressively out of step with a broader European market-oriented frame of reference. A new French sectoral frame of reference was developed and became public policy in 2005. A cognitive analysis identifies the key factors and actors responsible for this shift. This article explores the nature of the changes made to adapt the French model to a European framework and examines the influence of foreign models of regulation on the design of the French model. Finally, it suggests that features of the European frame of reference for regulatory structures have been adapted within France.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Air France (2009) Roissy-CDG, le hub le plus performant d'Europe. Available at: http://corporate.airfrance.com/fr/strategie/reseaux-et-hubs/roissy-cdg-le-hub-le-plus-performant-d-europe/index.html [Accessed April 24, 2009].Google Scholar
Auby, J.Lombard, M. (2007) L'avenir des aéroports: entre décentralisation et concurrence. Paris: Litec.Google Scholar
Bartle, I. (2002) When Institutions No Longer Matter: Reform of Telecommunications and Electricity in Germany, France and Britain. Journal of Public Policy 22(1): 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauby, P. (1998) Services publics : de la tutelle à la régulation. Flux 14(31–32): 2534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bel, G.Fageda, X. (2006) Patterns of Airport Policy Reform in Eastern Europe: Lessons from OECD Experience. Presented at: 8th INFER Workshop on Economic Policy: Competition Policy in Networks Industry, London, Lancaster Hall, October 29th–31st.Google Scholar
Betancor, O.Rendeiro, R. (1999) Regulating Privatized Infrastructures and Airport Services. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bézard, B.Preiss, É. (2007) L'agence des participations de l’État. Revue française d'administration publique 124(4): 601613.Google Scholar
Bricq, N.Collin, Y. (eds.) (2001) Activités aéroportuaires, aménagement du territoire et développement durable. Actes du colloque tenu le 7 février 2001 à l'Assemblée nationale. Paris: Assemblée Nationale.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. L.Pederson, O. K. (2001) The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapier-Granier, N. (2006) Les aéroports commerciaux entre économie administrée et économie de marché : aspects juridiques d'une mutation. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille.Google Scholar
Clifton, J., Comín, F. C.Fuentes, D. D. (2003) Privatisation in the European Union. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coen, D.Thatcher, M. (2001) Utilities Reform in Europe. Huntington: Nova Science.Google Scholar
Coulin, S. (2002) ADP – les intentions du gouvernement se précisent. Les Échos, December 20.Google Scholar
Cour des Comptes (2002) Rapport public annuel. Paris: La Documentation Française.Google Scholar
Crozet, Y. (2003) Industries de réseau et politiques publiques: pour une approche stratégique. Flux 54(4): 614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curien, N. (1993) Économie des services en réseau : principes et méthodes. Communications et Stratégies 10(2): 1330.Google Scholar
Currier, K. (2008) Price Cap Regulation of Airports: A New Approach. Economics Bulletin 04/2008; 12(8): 117.Google Scholar
De Montricher, N. (2004) La modernisation en transition : Le cas Aéroports de Paris entre 1979 et 1991. Revue française d'administration publique 111(3): 501515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Montricher, N. (1993) Le modèle « Aéroports de Paris ». Paris: rapport dactylographié pour l'OIP, l'ANVI et Aéroports de Paris.Google Scholar
Delion, A. (2007) De l’État tuteur à l’État actionnaire. Revue française d'administration publique 124(4): 537572.Google Scholar
DGAC, Service des bases aériennes (1999) Note sur les « hub and spoke » ou réseaux en étoile. Paris: Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile.Google Scholar
Dumez, H.Jeunemaître, A. (2004) Montée en puissance passée et impasses actuelles de la régulation économique européenne des industries de réseau. In Frison-Roche M. (ed.), Droit et économie de la régulation – Volume 2 : Règles et pouvoirs dans les systèmes de régulation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po et Dalloz, 116.Google Scholar
Eberlein, B. (1999) L’État régulateur en Europe. Revue française de science politique 49(2): 205230.Google Scholar
Eberlein, B.Grande, E. (2005) Beyond Delegation: Transnational Regulatory Regimes and the EU Regulatory State. Journal of European Public Policy 12(1): 89112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, A., Pollet, G.Warin, P. (1995) La construction du sens dans les politiques publiques. Débats autour de la notion de référentiel. Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Fayolle, C. (2003) La dérégulation du transport aérien en Europe (1987–1997). Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains 209(1): 7590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrera, M. (2005) The Boundaries of Welfare: European Integration and the New Spatial Politics of Social Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, G.Humphreys, I. (2001) Airport Regulation: Reflecting on the Lessons from BAA plc. Public Money & Management 21(4): 4952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freathy, P. (2004) The Commercialisation of European Airports: Successful Strategies in a Decade of Turbulence. Journal of Air Transport Management 10: 191197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frison-Roche, M. (2004) Les nouveaux champs de la régulation. Revue française d'administration publique 109(1): 5363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giblin, J. (2004) Les aéroports régionaux à la veille de la décentralisation. Herodote 114(3): 101121.Google Scholar
Gillen, D.Niemeier, H. (2006) Airport Economics, Policy and Management: The European Union. Presented at: Comparative Political Economy and Infrastructure Performance: The Case of Airports, Madrid, Fondation Rafael del Pino, September 18th and 19th.Google Scholar
Gillen, D.Niemeier, H. (2007) Comparative Political Economy of Airport Infrastructure in the European Union: Evolution of Privatization, Regulation and Slot Reform. Centre for Transporation Studies Working Paper 2007–6, Vancouver: University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Gonnot, F. (2005) Rapport sur le projet de loi relatif aux aéroports. Paris: Assemblée Nationale.Google Scholar
Guitard, J.-F. (ed.) (2002) Le livre blanc des grands aéroports régionaux français. Paris: UCCEGA.Google Scholar
Haas, P. M. (1992) Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International organization 46(1): 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, P.Taylor, R. (1996) Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies 44(5): 936957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpern, C. (2007) Les aéroports entre revendications territoriales et résistances sectorielles. Le cas du conflit autour de l'extension de l'aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle. In Faure A. (ed.) Action publique et changements d’échelles: les nouvelles focales du politique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 191204.Google Scholar
Hendriks, N.Andrew, D. (2004) Airport Regulation in the UK. In Forsyth P. et al., (eds.), The Economic Regulation of Airports: Recent Developments in Australasia, North America and Europe. Aldershot (UK): Ashgate Publishing, 101116.Google Scholar
Humphreys, I., Ison, S.Francis, G. (2007) UK Airport Policy: Does the Government Have Any Influence? Public Money & Management 27(5): 229244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jobert, B. (1992) Représentations sociales, controverses et débats dans la conduite des politiques publiques. Revue française de science politique 42(2): 219234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G.Cole, A. (2009) French Administrative Reform: Change and Resistance. In Goldfinch S. F. and Wallis J. L. (eds.), International Handbook of Public Management Reform. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 220234.Google Scholar
Knill, C.Lehmkuhl, D. (2002) The National Impact of European Union Regulatory Policy: Three Europeanization Mechanisms. European Journal of Political Research 41(2): 255280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Lidec, P. (2003) La seconde étape de la décentralisation en France: une mise en perspective critique. Mouvements 26(2): 96101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leibfried, S.Starke, P. (2008) Transforming the ‘Cordon Sanitaire’: The Liberalization of Public Services and the Restructuring of European Welfare States. Socio-Economic Review 6(1): 175182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodge, M. (2008) Regulation, the Regulatory State and European Politics. West European Politics 31(1): 280301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lomazzi, M. (2003) Feu vert officiel au changement de statut. La Tribune, October 24.Google Scholar
Lorrain, D. (2005) Autoroutes en Europe (1). Flux 62(4): 5874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovink, J. A. (2001) Improving the Governance of Airport Authorities. Policy Options 22(April): 5056.Google Scholar
Mahoney, J. (2000) Path Dependence in Historical Sociology. Theory and Society 29(4): 507548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majone, G. (1997) From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of Governance. Journal of Public Policy 17(2): 139167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinand, C. (2002) La régulation économique des redevances aéronautiques. Paris: Aéroports de Paris.Google Scholar
Marty, F. (2006) Collectivités territoriales et entreprises: nouvelles compétences ou nouvelles politiques? In GRALE (ed.), La décentralisation en mouvement, Actes du colloque tenu à l'Assemblée Nationale les 12 et 13 janvier 2006. Paris: La Documentation Française.Google Scholar
Mauroy, P. (ed.) (2000) Refonder l'action publique locale : rapport au Premier ministre. Paris: La Documentation Française.Google Scholar
McGowan, F.Wallace, H. (1996) Towards a European Regulatory State. Journal of European Public Policy 3(4): 560576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molin, B. (1997) Éléments d’économie des réseaux hub-and-spokes aériens. Éxpérience américaine; perspectives européennes. PhD dissertation, Department of Economics, University Lumière-Lyon II.Google Scholar
Mouhot, P. (1990) Compagnies aériennes et réseaux aux États-Unis : évolution et typologie. Bulletin de l'Association des Géographes français 3: 221236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, P. (2000) L'analyse cognitive des politiques publiques: Vers une sociologie politique de l'action publique. Revue française de science politique 50(2): 189207.Google Scholar
Muller, P. (2007) Les politiques publiques, 7th ed. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Nahrath, S. (1999) The Power of Ideas in Policy Research: A Critical Assessment. In Braun D. and Busch A. (eds.), Public Policy and Political Ideas. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 4160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD (2000) Regulatory Reform in Network Industries: Past Experience and Current Issues. OECD Economic Outlook 67(1): 151171.Google Scholar
Parker, D. (1999) The Performance of BAA before and after Privatisation: A DEA Study. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 33(2): 133145.Google Scholar
Pierson, P. (2000) Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics. American Political Science Review 94(2): 251267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollitt, C.Bouckaert, G. (2003) Evaluating Public Management Reforms: An International Perspective. In Wollmann H. (ed.), Evaluation in Public-Sector Reform: Concepts and Practice in International Perspective. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiss, B. (2007) Maximising Non-Aviation Revenue for Airports: Developing Airport Cities to Optimise Real Estate and Capitalise on Land Development Opportunities. Journal of Airport Management 1(3): 284293.Google Scholar
Reynolds-Feighan, A. J. (1995) European and American Approaches to Air Transport Liberalisation: Some Implications for Small Communities. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 29(6): 467483.Google Scholar
Rouban, L. (1998) La politisation des fonctionnaires en France: Obstacle ou nécessité? Revue française d'administration publique 86(4): 167182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabatier, P. (2007) Theories of the Policy Process, 2nd ed. Boudler: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Saint-Martin, D. (1998) The New Managerialism and the Policy Influence of Consultants in Government: An Historical–Institutionalist Analysis of Britain, Canada and France. Governance 11(3): 319356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyrl, M. (2005) Vers un retour du politique dans le néo-instutionnalisme. Pôle Sud 23(2): 115130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starkie, D. (2001) Reforming UK Airport Regulation. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 35(1): 119135.Google Scholar
Streeck, W.Thelen, K. (2005) Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Surel, Y. (2000) The Role of Cognitive and Normative Frames in Policy-Making. Journal of European Public Policy 7(4): 495512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tretheway, M.Andriulaitis, R. (2008) Airport Policy in Canada: Limitations of the Not-for-Profit Governance Model. In Winston C. and de Rus G. (eds.), Aviation Infrastructure Performance. A Study in Comparative Political Economy. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 136157.Google Scholar
UAF & Aéroport (2009) Les pages trafic. Aéroport, le mag des aéroports francophones, 21.Google Scholar
Valo, S. (2001) The Continuing Evolution in Canadian Airport Privatization. Annals of Air and Space Law 26: 225236.Google Scholar
Varlet, J. (1997) La déréglementation du transport aérien et ses conséquences sur les réseaux et sur les aéroports. Annales de Géographie 106(593): 205217.Google Scholar
Verhoest, K., Bouckaert, G.Peters, G. B. (2007) Janus-Faced Reorganization: Specialization and Coordination in Four OECD Countries in the Period 1980-2005. International Review of Administrative Sciences 73(3): 325348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zembri, P. (2005) Structure des réseaux de transport et déréglementation. Flux 62(4): 2130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar