Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:45:53.478Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of the surface dose for total body irradiation (TBI) technique with parallel-opposed anterior posterior geometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2021

Hoseinnezhadzarghani Elham ,
Geraily Ghazale Open the ORCID record for Geraily Ghazale [Opens in a new window]  and
Sarvin Sarmadi
Hoseinnezhadzarghani Elham
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Geraily Ghazale*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Radiotherapy Oncology Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sarvin Sarmadi
Affiliation:
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Geraily Ghazale, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: gh-geraily@sina.tums.ac.ir
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Aim:

Total body irradiation (TBI) is an external radiotherapy technique in which the whole body including the superficial regions is required to receive the therapeutic dose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the received surface dose during TBI technique.

Methods and materials:

The anterior/posterior (AP/PA) TBI was implemented with 18-MV photon beam at 312-cm treatment distance for human-like phantom. The GAFCHROMIC-EBT3 films were used for superficial dose measurements.

Results and discussion:

The percentage of surface-absorbed dose relative to the prescription point for 8 points of measurements was between 102·78–121·48% and 104·51–127·43% at 5 and 10 mm depth, respectively. In the chest wall region due to the presence of lung blocks, the absorbed dose was below the acceptable level, so an electron boost was required to increase the chest wall absorbed dose.

Conclusions:

According to the results, the implemented technique was able to deliver sufficient dose to the shallow surface of phantom’s body.

Keywords

film dosimetrysurface dosetotal body irradiation
Type
Technical Note
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2022 , pp. 594 - 598
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kunkele, A, Engelhard, M, Hauffa, BP et al. Long-Term follow-up of pediatric patients receiving total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and post-transplant survival of > 2 years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60 (11): 1–6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24702 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, D, Kim, IH, Yoon, S, Kang, HJ, Shin, HY, Kang, H. Effect of dose rate on pulmonary toxicity in patients with hematolymphoid malignancies undergoing total body irradiation. Radiat Meas 2018; 13 (180): 1–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Wong, JYC, Filippi, AR, Dabaja, BS, Yahalom, J, Specht, L. Total body irradiation : guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG). Radiat Oncol Biol 2018; 101 (3): 521–529. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.071 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allahverdi, M, Geraily, G, Esfahani, M, Sharafi, A, Haddad, P, Shirazi, A. Dosimetry and verification of 60Co total body irradiation with human phantom and semiconductor diode. J Med Phys 2007; 32 (4): 169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganapathy, K, Kurup, PGG, Murali, V, Muthukumaran, M, Bhuvaneshwari, N, Velmurugan, J. Patient dose analysis in total body irradiation through in vivo dosimetry Full Text Introduction. J Med Phys 2019; 37 (4): 214–218. doi: 10.4103/0971-6203.103607 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allahverdi, M, Geraily, G, Esfehani, M, Sharafi, A, Haddad, P, Shirazi, A. Dose homogeneity of total body irradiation for 60CO confirmed with diode dosimeter. J Med Phys 2007; 32 (4): 169–174. doi: 10.4103/0971-6203.37482 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, M, Taylor, B, Turner, E. An evidence-based review of total body irradiation. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2015; 46 (4): 442–449. doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2015.09.007 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webster, E. Physical considerations in the design of facilities for the uniform whole-body irradiation of man. Radiology 1960; 75 (1): 19–21. doi: 10.1148/75.1.19 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyk, J, Galvin, JM, Glasgow, GP, Podgorsak, EB. AAPM REPORT NO. 17: The Physical Aspects of Total and Half Body Photon Irradiation. New York (USA), 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, FM, Gibbons, JP. KHAN’S The Physics Of Radiation Therapy, 5th edition, Jonathan, W, Pine, J, Moyer, E (eds). Philadelphia (USA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.Google Scholar
Izewska, J, Rajan, G. Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students. 2005th edition, Podgorsak, EB (ed.). Veina: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006.Google Scholar
Hoseinnezhad, E, Geraily, G, Esfahani, M, Farzin, M, Gholami, S. Comparison of calculated and measured basic dosimetric parameters for total body irradiation with 6- and 18-MV photon beams. J Radiother Pract 2020: 3–7. doi: 10.1017/S1460396919001067 Google Scholar
Mekdash, H, Shahine, B, Jalbout, W, Chehab, C, Abdel Khalek, H, Youssef, B. A simple technique for an accurate shielding of the lungs during total body irradiation. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2017; 3 (4): 13–18. doi: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2017.07.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saur, S, Frengen, J. GafChromic EBT film dosimetry with flatbed CCD scanner : A novel. Med Phys 2008; 35 (7): 3094–3101. doi: 10.1118/1.2938522 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niroomand-rad, A, Blackwell, CR, Coursey, BM et al. Radiochromic film dosimetry: recommendations of AAPM radiation therapy committee task Group No. 55. Med Phys 1998; 25 (11): 2093–2115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahimi Monzari, S, Geraily, G, Toolee, H. Fabrication of anthropomorphic phantoms for use in total body photon irradiation and total skin electron irradiation studies. J Radioltherapy Pract 2018; 15 (Special Issue-12th): 309–309. doi: 10.1017/S1460396919000591 Google Scholar
Jahnke, A, Jahnke, L, Molina-Duran, F et al. Arc therapy for total body irradiation - A robust novel treatment technique for standard treatment rooms. Radiother Oncol 2014; 110 (3): 553–557. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.12.009 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, L, Filippi, J, Patel, A, et al. A clinical dosimetry analysis of total body irradiation for leukemia patients. Int J Med Physics, Clin Eng Radiat Oncol 2014; 3 (1): 31–42. doi: 10.4236/ijmpcero.2014.31006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sim, GS, Wong, JHD, Ng, KH. The use of radiochromic ebt2 film for the quality assurance and dosimetric verification of 3d conformal radiotherapy using microtek scanmaker 9800xl flatbed scanner. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2013; 14 (4): 85–95. doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v14i4.4182 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorriaux, J, Kacperek, A, Rossomme, S et al. Evaluation of Gafchromic®EBT3 films characteristics in therapy photon, electron and proton beams. Phys Medica 2013; 29 (6): 599–606. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.10.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ImageJ. ImageJ User Guide. Nat Methods. 2012; 9 (7): 187. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2019 Google Scholar
Vadrucci, M, Esposito, G, Ronsivalle, C et al. Calibration of GafChromic EBT3 for absorbed dose measurements in 5 MeV proton beam and 60Co γ-rays. Med Phys 2015; 42 (8): 4678–4684. doi: 10.1118/1.4926558 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, R, Bernard, D, Turian, J et al. A simplified technique for delivering total body irradiation (TBI) with improved dose homogeneity. Med Phys 2012; 39 (4): 2239–2248. doi: 10.1118/1.3697526 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, L, Filippi, J, Patel, A et al. A clinical dosimetry analysis of total body irradiation for leukemia patients.pdf. Int J Med Physics, Clin Eng Radiat Oncol 2014; 3 (1): 31–42. doi: 10.4236/ijmpcero.2014.31006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najafi, M, Geraily, G, Esfahani, M, Teimouri, J. Analysis of Gafchromic EBT3 film calibration irradiated with gamma rays from different systems: Gamma Knife and Cobalt-60 unit. Med Dosim 2017; 42 (3): 159–168. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2017.01.003 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butson, M, Pope, D, Haque, M, Chen, T, Song, G, Whitaker, M. Build-up material requirements in clinical dosimetry during total body irradiation treatments. J Med Device 2020; 41 (2): 149–152. doi: 10.4103/0971-6203.181632 Google Scholar
Chen, HH, Wu, J, Chuang, KS, Lin, JF, Lee, JC, Lin, JC. Total body irradiation with step translation and dynamic field matching. Biomed Res Int 2013; 5: 216034–216046. doi: 10.1155/2013/216034 Google Scholar
Patel, RP, Warry, AJ, Eaton, DJ et al. In vivo dosimetry for total body irradiation: five-year results and technique comparison. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2014; 15 (4): 306–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dusenbery, KE, Gerbi, BJ. Total Body Irradiation Conditioning Regimens in Stem Cell Transplantation. In: Technical Basis of Radiation Therapy. Medical Radiology (Radiation Oncology). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 2006: 785–804. doi: 10.1007/3-540-35665-7_31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narayanasamy, G, Cruz, W, Saenz, DL, Stathakis, S, Papanikolaou, N, Kirby, N. Effect of electron contamination on in vivo dosimetry for lung block shielding during TBI. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2016; 17 (3): 486–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed