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Review of novel tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2021

Ernest Osei Open the ORCID record for Ernest Osei [Opens in a new window] ,
Stephanie Swanson ,
Lyba Sheraz  and
Nada Khaled Fouad Ibrahim
Ernest Osei*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
Stephanie Swanson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Lyba Sheraz
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Nada Khaled Fouad Ibrahim
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Ernest Osei, Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, 835 King Street West, Kitchener, ON, Canada. Tel: 519 749 4300. E-mail: ernest.osei@grhosp.onca
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Abstract

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortality in both Canadian and American men. Currently, serum PSA level is the most commonly used test for the detection of prostate cancer, though the levels can also be elevated in benign conditions, has limited specificity and has a high rate of overdiagnosis and treatment of indolent disease. Consequently, in recent years, several investigations have been conducted to identify novel cancer biomarkers capable of both effective screening and diagnosis, as well as assisting to shift the diagnostic and treatment paradigm of prostate cancer towards more patient-specific and targeted medicine. The goal of this narrative review paper is to describe eleven novel and promising tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer capable to account for individual patient variabilities and have the potential for risk assessment, early detection and diagnosis, identification of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment and monitoring patient response to treatment.

Materials and methods:

We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on tissue-based biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

Emerging prostate cancer biomarkers have the potential to guide clinical decision-making since they have the potential to detect the disease early, measure the risk of developing the disease and the risk of progression, provide accurate information of patient response to a specific treatment and are capable of informing clinicians about the likely outcome of a cancer diagnosis independent of the treatment received. Therefore, the future holds promise for personalised and targeted medicine from prevention to diagnosis and treatment that considers the individual patient’s variabilities in the management of prostate cancer.

Keywords

patient-specific therapypersonalised treatmentprostate cancertargeted treatmenttissue-based biomarkers
Type
Literature Review
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2022 , pp. 566 - 575
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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