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A review of radiation genomics: integrating patient radiation response with genomics for personalised and targeted radiation therapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2018

Lu Xu ,
Beverley Osei  and
Ernest Osei
Lu Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Sciences (IMS and Medical Biophysics), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
Beverley Osei
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
Ernest Osei*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Ernest Osei, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, 835 King Street West, Kitchener, Ontario N2G1G3, Canada. Tel: 519 749 4300. E-mail: ernest.osei@grhosp.on.ca
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Abstract

Background

The success of radiation therapy for cancer patients is dependent on the ability to deliver a total tumouricidal radiation dose capable of eradicating all cancer cells within the clinical target volume, however, the radiation dose tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissues becomes the main dose-limiting factor. The normal tissue adverse effects following radiotherapy are common and significantly impact the quality of life of patients. The likelihood of developing these adverse effects following radiotherapy cannot be predicted based only on the radiation treatment parameters. However, there is evidence to suggest that some common genetic variants are associated with radiotherapy response and the risk of developing adverse effects. Radiation genomics is a field that has evolved in recent years investigating the association between patient genomic data and the response to radiation therapy. This field aims to identify genetic markers that are linked to individual radiosensitivity with the potential to predict the risk of developing adverse effects due to radiotherapy using patient genomic information. It also aims to determine the relative radioresponse of patients using their genetic information for the potential prediction of patient radiation treatment response.

Methods and materials

This paper reports on a review of recent studies in the field of radiation genomics investigating the association between genomic data and patients response to radiation therapy, including the investigation of the role of genetic variants on an individual’s predisposition to enhanced radiotherapy radiosensitivity or radioresponse.

Conclusion

The potential for early prediction of treatment response and patient outcome is critical in cancer patients to make decisions regarding continuation, escalation, discontinuation, and/or change in treatment options to maximise patient survival while minimising adverse effects and maintaining patients’ quality of life.

Keywords

biomarkersgenetic studiesradiation genomicsradiation therapyradiotherapy response
Type
Literature Review
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 198 - 209
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

Cite this article: Xu L, Osei B, Osei E. (2019) A review of radiation genomics: integrating patient radiation response with genomics for personalised and targeted radiation therapy. Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice18: 198–209. doi: 10.1017/S1460396918000547

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