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A review of the effects of tobacco smoking on the treatment of prostate cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2020

Faiza Nuru ,
Ernest Osei Open the ORCID record for Ernest Osei [Opens in a new window]  and
Rahil Kassim
Faiza Nuru
Affiliation:
School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Center, Kitchener, ON, Canada
Ernest Osei*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Center, Kitchener, ON, Canada Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
Rahil Kassim
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Center, Kitchener, ON, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Ernest Osei, Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada. Tel: 519 749 4300; Ext: 5407. Email: ernest.osei@grhosp.on.ca
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Abstract

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of death among Canadian men. The standard treatment modalities for prostate cancer include prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy or any combination depending on the stage of the tumour. However, several studies have reported that tobacco smoking at the time of diagnosis and during treatment can potentially impact treatment efficacy, outcome and patients quality of life after treatment.

Materials and methods:

This narrative literature review elucidates the impacts of tobacco smoking on prostate cancer progression, treatment efficacy, including its effects on prostatectomy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, risk of cancer recurrence and mortality and quality of life after treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of integrating a smoking cessation programme into the treatment regimen for prostate cancer patients in order to yield more favourable treatment outcomes, reduce risk of recurrence and mortality and increase the quality of life after treatment for prostate cancer patients.

Conclusions:

Smoking cessation is one of the most important interventions to prevent cancer and it is also essential after the diagnosis of prostate cancer to improve clinical outcomes. All prostate cancer patients should be advised to quit tobacco use since it can potentially improve treatment response rates and survival, as well as reduce the risk of developing treatment complications and potentially improve the quality of life after treatment. There are several benefits to smoking cessation and it should become an important component of the cancer care continuum in all oncology programmes, starting from prevention of cancer through diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and palliative care. Evidence-based smoking cessation intervention should be sustainably integrated into any comprehensive cancer programme, and the information should be targeted to the specific benefits of cessation in cancer patients.

Keywords

chemotherapyprostate cancerradiotherapysmoking cessationsurgerytobacco smoking
Type
Literature Review
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2022 , pp. 109 - 116
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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