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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 September 2012
page 125 note 1 In fieldwork by Mr. R. G. Livens for Anglesey County Council and the Anglesey Antiquarian Society; summary report in ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1962’, 8.
page 125 note 2 RCAM (Wales), Anglesey Inventory (1937), 133Google Scholarb.
page 125 note 3 Directed by Mr. Livens for the Ministry of Public Building and Works; summary report in ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1962’, 9.
page 125 note 4 Y Cymmrodor XXXIII (1923), 14, 95–8; Nash-Williams, V. E., Roman Frontier in Wales (1954), 96–9Google Scholar; RCAM (Wales), Caernarvonshire Inventory II (1960), 164a.Google Scholar
page 125 note 5 By DrJarrett, M. G. for the Board of Celtic Studies. Interim report in Journ. Merioneth Hist, and Record Soc. IV (1962), 171–5.Google Scholar
page 125 note 6 Arch. Camb. 1938, 192–211 with plan; V. E. Nash-Williams, o.c. (n. 4), 35–7.
page 125 note 7 RCAM (Wales and Mon.), Montgomery Inventory (1911), 83–5Google ScholarPubMed, no. 419; Nash-Williams, o.c. (n. 4), 46.
page 125 note 8 Re-excavation showed that the 1857 excavation was not as described and there is doubt whether the objects said to have been found here did not really come from Caersws. Summary report by Mr. W. G. Putnam in ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1962’, 11.
page 125 note 9 Information from the excavator, Dr. J. K. S. St. Joseph.
page 125 note 10 Information from Dr. Jarrett, who excavated for the Board of Celtic Studies.
page 125 note 11 By Dr. Jarrett, who sent details, on behalf of the Board of Celtic Studies.
page 125 note 12 Archaeologia LXXVIII (1928), 113, plate XX.
page 126 note 13 Lee, J. E., Description of a Roman Building (1850), 14, pl. XIIGoogle Scholar; cf. pl. XIV.
page 126 note 14 Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, who directed the excavations for the Ministry of Public Building and Works and the National Museum of Wales; for ten tile-stamps and a graffito see below, p. 164, no. 27, and p. 167, no. 56.
page 126 note 15 In course of clearance by the Ministry of Public Building and Works: ‘Archaeology in Wales, 1963’, 11.
page 126 note 16 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot, XXXVI (1901–2), 208, fig. 7, D and E.
page 127 note 17 ibid. LXXIV (1939–40), 41, fig. 2.
page 127 note 18 Information from Prof. I. A. Richmond.
page 127 note 19 Excavation by the Strathallan School Archaeological Society directed by Mr. R. E. Birley, who sent details with plans and photograph; for tile-stamps and a graffito see below, p. 164, no. 30, and p. 166, no. 51.
page 128 note 20 Summary report by Dr. N. McCord, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works, Discovery and Excavation, Scotland 1962, 44 f.
page 128 note 21 Excavation by the Moray House College of Education directed by Mr. and Mrs. A. Rae, who sent details.
page 128 note 22 Information from Mr. G. S. Maxwell, who directed the excavation.
page 128 note 23 Excavation for the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Nat. Hist. Soc. and the Durham University Excavation Committee directed by Mr. C. M. Daniels, who sent details.
page 128 note 24 By the Scottish Field School of Archaeology under the direction of Miss A. S. Robertson, who sent information; for an inscribed slab see below, p. 161, no. 11.
page 128 note 25 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. LXXII (1937–8), 275–347; JRS XLI (1951), 57; Miller, S. N. (ed.), Roman Occ. of SW Scotland (1952), 95 ff.Google Scholar
page 128 note 26 cf. CIL VII, 1075, 1076.
page 128 note 27 Cumb. and Wd. Trans, n.s. LXIII (1963), 126 ff.
page 128 note 28 Previously numbered 21b: Birley, E. B., Research on Hadrian's Wall (1961), 130.Google Scholar
page 128 note 29 Information from Mr. R. L. Bellhouse, whose report is in Cumb. and Wd. Trans, n.s. LXIII 140 ff.
page 128 note 30 Directed by Prof. E. B. Birley and Mr. J. P. Gillam for the Durham Univ. Excavation Committee; information from Professor Birley.
page 128 note 31 Arch. Ael. 4 XXXVII (1959), 12–31, fig. I (plan); JRS L, 215.
page 128 note 32 Excavated by the South Shields Arch. and Hist. Soc.; information from Mr. J. W. Thornborrow.
page 129 note 33 Cumb. and West. Trans. 2 XIII (1913), 131–41; JRS LII, 165, n. 38.
page 129 note 34 Information from Miss D. Charlesworth, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works; for a tombstone see below, p. 160, no. 6.
page 129 note 35 By Mr. F. H. Thompson of the Grosvenor Museum, who sent information. For the W defences cf. JRS XXXVI (1946), 136, fig. 12; Chester Arch. Journ. XL (1953), I ff., fig. 2; XLII (1955), 45 ff., fig. 2; XLIX (1962), 5 ff.
page 129 note 36 Plan in Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXVIII (1924–6), pl. XVI facing 198.
page 129 note 37 Ilkley was probably similar in size and shape to Slack: Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXVI (1922), plan facing p. 92.
page 129 note 38 CIL VII, 210, of A.D. 197.
page 129 note 39 Site I, Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXVIII, 172 ff.
page 129 note 40 Site III, ibid. 189 ff.
page 129 note 41 Site II, ibid. 184 ff.
page 129 note 42 cf. ibid. 156 ff.
page 129 note 43 cf. drains at York (below) and in the colonia at Gloucester (JRS LII, 180).
page 129 note 44 Information from Mr. B. R. Hartley who directed excavations on behalf of the University of Leeds and the Ministry of Public Building and Works.
page 129 note 45 RCHM (England), City of York I: Eburacum (1962), 16.
page 129 note 46 ibid. 17; JRS LI, 168, fig. 16.
page 129 note 47 See note 43.
page 130 note 48 Information from Mr. L. P. Wenham, who directed excavations; for a glass fragment with incised text see below, p. 163, no. 18.
page 130 note 49 Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXXIII (1936–8), 81–4, 323–4.
page 131 note 50 Excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works was directed by Mr. I. M. Stead, who sent details and photographs. The two mosaic pavements in the dwelling-house were lifted by Mr. J. Bartlett of Hull Museum, where they are now on display.
page 131 note 51 By Mr. Stead on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works; parts of the pavement were also lifted by Mr. Bartlett and are exhibited in Hull Museum.
page 131 note 52 Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXXVII (1948–51), 514.
page 131 note 53 The W jamb of this door can be seen in the far wall in JRS LI, pl. XVI, I.
page 131 note 54 cf. the N gate (JRS XLV, 131). Excavation for the Lincoln Arch. Research Committee was directed by Mr. D. F. Petch, who sent information.
page 131 note 55 By Messrs. M. W. Barley, J. May and D. R. Wilson for Nottingham University.
page 131 note 56 Arch. Journ. CXII (1955). 37, fig. 6.
page 131 note 57 By Messrs. R. G. Hughes, S. O. Kay and P. Brady; information, plan and photograph sent by Mr. Hughes of Derby Museum. A report on this and other Derbyshire Ware kilns has appeared in Derbs. Arch. Jour. LXXXII (1962), 21 ff.
page 131 note 58 By the Derby Sub Aqua Club; information from Mr. Hughes.
page 131 note 59 JRS LI, 167; Derbs. Arch. Jour., LXXXI (1961), 85 ff.
page 131 note 60 Vict. Co. Hist. Derbs. I (1905), 220 and fig. 23 B; Derbs. Arch. Jour., XXXV (1913), III ff.; Arch. Jour. CXVIII (1961), 152.
page 131 note 61 Excavation by the Archenfield Arch. Group; information from Mr. N. P. Bridgewater, whose report on the barn has appeared in Trans. Woolhope Club, forthcoming.
page 131 note 62 Excavation by the Severn Valley Study Group; summary report by Mr. D. R. Shearer, ‘W. Midlands Annual Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 5 (1962), 10.
page 131 note 63 Cut by Kidderminster Arch. Soc. together with Shenstone Training College; information from Mr. C. I. Walker.
page 131 note 64 Information and section from Dr. G. Webster, who directed excavation by the Wroxeter Training School; for an amphora-handle see below, p. 166, no. 52.
page 132 note 65 Sent for study by Dr. A. W. J. Houghton, who directed excavation by the Shrewsbury Roman Research Group.
page 132 note 66 Similar implements, but of different proportions, found in Early Iron Age contexts at Bigbury Hill and Glastonbury have been tentatively claimed as primitive plough-coulters (Payne, F. G., Arch. Journ. CIV, 1947, 92 f.Google Scholar); but in the Wroxeter example the short shaft, the strongly curved blade with blunt toe and the Roman date make this explanation hardly probable. It is more likely to be a bill-hook, used for splitting timber, or for grafting, or even possibly for butchery.
page 132 note 67 By Mr. W. A. Baker, who sent a photograph.
page 132 note 68 By the Lichfield Arch. and Hist. Soc.; information and plans sent by Mr. J. T. Gould.
page 134 note 69 For the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Mr. E. Greenfield, who sent details.
page 134 note 70 Excavation by the Birmingham Research Group; for a tile-stamp see below, p. 164, no. 34.
page 134 note 71 By students of the Dept. of Archaeology, University of Birmingham.
page 134 note 72 Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans, LXVI (1945–46), 35–48.
page 134 note 73 ibid, LXXVI (1958), 12.
page 134 note 74 Summary report by Mr. H. V. Hughes, ‘W. Midlands Annual Arch. News-Sheet’ no. 5 (1962), 4.
page 134 note 75 Excavation completed for the Thoroton Society by Mr. S. Revill, who sent information.
page 134 note 76 Directed on behalf of the Thoroton Society by Mr. Revill.
page 134 note 77 cf. Arch. Journ. LXXV (1918), 42, nos. 24, 25; Kenyon, K., Excavations at the Jewry Wall site, Leicester (Soc. Ant. Res. Rep. XV, 1948), 7Google Scholar, pl. XXVIII; cf. JRS XXXIX, 142 ff.
page 134 note 78 Undertaken by the Leicester Museums with the aid of the Ministry of Public Building and Works.
page 134 note 79 Trans. Leics. Arch. Soc. XV, 35–50. Information and plan from Mr. M. G. Hebditch of Leicester Museums.
page 134 note 80 Excavation by the Rugby Research Group directed by Mr. A. G. Pearson, who sent details; for a graffito see below, p. 166, no. 54.
page 134 note 81 Discovered by Mr. E. G. Bolton and recorded by Messrs. I. Smith and R. Thomas.
page 134 note 82 Information from Mr. M. W. Barley; report forthcoming in Leics. Arch. Journ.
page 135 note 83 Information from Prof. I. A. Richmond, who directed the excavation for the Extra-Mural Dept. of Nottingham University.
page 135 note 84 By the Archaeological Field Section of the Peterborough Museum Soc., directed by Mr. M. F. Standen; information sent by Mr. G. F. Dakin.
page 135 note 85 Information from Dr. G. Webster, who directed excavation for the Water Newton Excavation Committee.
page 135 note 86 Vict. Co. Hist. Northants. I (1902), 179.
page 135 note 87 The road-works were observed by Messrs. D. N. Hall, N. Nickerson and others, who made detailed plans and undertook limited excavation and sent information and map.
page 135 note 88 Excavation by the Upper Nene Archaeological Soc. directed by Mr. D. E. Johnston, who sent information.
page 136 note 89 By the Bletchley Arch, and Hist. Soc., in the first issue of whose Bulletin a report is intended to appear; information from Mr. B. A. Kettle.
page 136 note 90 Records of Bucks, XVI (1953–60), 29–32.
page 136 note 91 By the Buckingham Archaeological Soc., directed by Mr. C. W. Green, who sent information.
page 136 note 92 Ditchley, Oxon: JRS XXVI, 256 ff., fig. 29 and pl. XXII; Oxoniensia I (1936), 24–69. Little Milton, Oxon: JRS XL, pl. VI, 2 (enclosure-wall visible as parch-mark on the original photograph); XLIII, 94.
page 136 note 93 By Dr. M. J. Aitken, who with Mr. J. O. Ure made a measured plan and located a circular clay hearth by magnetometer survey and limited excavation; photographs, sketch-plans and information were sent by Dr. Aitken.
page 136 note 94 JRS XLIII, 119; Oxoniensia XIX (1954), 15–37.
page 136 note 95 Directed by Prof. S. S. Frere for the Dorchester Excavation Committee; information sent by Professor Frere, whose report will appear in Arch. Journ.
page 136 note 96 Plan in Antiquity IX (1935), 218, fig.; Vict. Co. Hist. Oxon. I (1939), 291, fig. 26. For the excavations of 1935–36 see JRS XXVII, 238; Oxoniensia II (1937), 41–73.
page 136 note 97 Information from Mr. T. H. Gardner, who has examined the coins; all those recovered are now in the Luton Museum.
page 136 note 98 By the Watford and SW Herts. Arch. Soc. directed by Mr. B. F. Rawlins, who sent a plan and information.
page 137 note 99 By Mr. J. A. Ellison for the Ministry of Public Building and Works; summary note appended to the report on the 1061 excavation, Norfolk. Arch. XXXIII, pt. I (1962), 101.
page 137 note 100 On behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Mr. E. Greenfield, who sent the plan and information.
page 137 note 101 cf. Lufton, Somerset (where, however, the room itself also had eight sides): JRS XXXVII (1947). 174. fig. 5.
page 137 note 102 Excavation directed by Col. T. C. Kelly, U.S.A.F.; information sent by the late Mr. R. R. Clarke of Norwich Castle Museum.
page 138 note 103 For the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Dr. P. Salway, who sent information. A further area, SE of that excavated in 1961, was sampled by Col. Kelly.
page 138 note 104 Firstly by Mr. F. Curtis, who recognized the site, and then by the late Mr. R. R. Clarke and Miss B. Green of Norwich Castle Museum, where the finds have been deposited.
page 138 note 105 The plan, with posts internally instead of in the more usual exterior position, is a not unnatural variant in buildings commonly made of timber: see Germania XVII (1933), 173–4, for Continental examples (Stuttgart, Avallon) and Arch. Cant, LXXVII (1962), 116, fig. I, for the best parallel from Britain (Springhead II).
page 138 note 106 cf. those from Wilton (JRS XLVII, pl. IX), 4¼ miles to the E; for the bronze letter see below, p. 160, no. I.
page 138 note 107 By Mr. Curtis; the cups were declared Treasure Trove and are now receiving treatment at the British Museum. See Apollo LXXVI (1962), 128 f.; Arch. News-Letter VII (1961–3), 154.
page 138 note 108 Vict. Co. Hist. Suffolk I (1911), 316 f. Excavation was directed by Mr. N. Smedley of Ipswich Museum, who sent details, assisted by the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and the Excursion Group of the Southwold Arch, and Nat. Hist. Soc.
page 138 note 109 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain I (1955), 236 f.Google Scholar
page 138 note 110 Information from Mr. B. P. Blake, who directed the excavation for Colchester Excavation Committee.
page 138 note 111 By the W. Essex Arch. Group directed by Dr. N. E. France and Miss B. M. Gobel, who sent details.
page 138 note 112 Antiq. Jour. VIII (1928), 300 ff.; Vict. Co. Hist. Essex III (1963), 139 ff.
page 138 note 113 By the Passmore Edwards Museum; information from Mr. R. E. Chaplin.
page 138 note 114 Excavation by Mr. K. Marshall of the Passmore Edwards Museum; information from Mr. Chaplin.
page 139 note 115 Items I (Wood St.) and 4b (Paternoster Row) were provided by the final season of work under the Roman and Medieval London Council directed by Prof. W. F. Grimes, who sent the details. For the remainder and the plans we are indebted to Mr. R. Merrifield of the Guildhall Museum.
page 139 note 116 JRS XL, 109, fig. 25; Bruce-Mitford, R. L. S. (ed.), Recent Archaeological Excavations in Britain (1956), 112, fig. 40.Google Scholar
page 139 note 117 RCHM (England), Roman London (1928), 83bGoogle ScholarPubMed; JRS LII, 178.
page 140 note 118 This plan supplements the account in JRS LII, 179.
page 141 note 119 Excavation for the Ministry of Public Building and Works was directed by Mr. H. J. M. Green, who sent details; for a tile-stamp see below, p. 165, no. 36.
page 141 note 120 Information from Dr. F. Celoria of London Museum.
page 141 note 121 Information from Mr. R. D. Abbott of the Gloucester Museums.
page 141 note 122 See Archaeologia XIX (1821), 178 ff., and Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. Trns. LXXIII (1954), 5 ff. Information from Mr. E. Greenfield of the Ministry of Public Building and Works.
page 143 note 123 Antiq. Journ. XXXVII (1957), 206 ff. We are indebted to the Antiquaries Journal for illustrations used in our summary.
page 143 note 124 cf. JRS LI, 186. There should also be mentioned the chance discovery in a sewer trench of part of the curve of the W angle of the military defences of the auxiliary fort, between the Leaholme site (JRS LII, 181 f.) and Watermoor Road.
page 143 note 125 JRS XLVIII, 144 f.; Trans. Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. LXXVIII (1959), 44–85.
page 143 note 126 For a graffito on the plaster see below, p. 164, no. 26.
page 143 note 127 Antiq. Journ. XLII (1962), 2, fig. I.
page 143 note 128 Information from Dr. G. Webster, director of the excavation. For an investigation of the area by electrical resistivity meter see Antiquity XXXVI (1962), 133 ff.; for a tile-stamp see below, p. 164, no. 32.
page 146 note 129 Information and plan from Captain H. S. Gracie, R.N.
page 146 note 130 Information from Mr. J. M. Pullan of the Clevedon Archaeology Society, which undertook an exploratory excavation.
page 146 note 131 Information from Mr. L. C. Hayward, who directed excavation by the Yeovil School Archaeological Society and the Yeovil Arch, and Local History Society. For a plan see Som. Arch, and N.H. Soc. Proc. XCVII (1952), 90, fig. I.
page 146 note 132 Detailed report of excavation (1956–8) and fieldwork by Fowler, P. J. in Cornish Archaeology I (1962), 17 ff.Google Scholar, with plans.
page 148 note 133 Information from Miss Dorothy Dudley, who excavated the site for the Ministry of Public Building and Works. From the photographs sent by Miss Dudley one of the figurines resembles that in the London Museum: London in Roman Times (1930), pl. XXI, I, 2. Ludowici, W., Urnen Graeber rom: Töpfer in Rheinzabern III (1908), 166Google Scholar, fig. 60, and 195, figs. 108, 109, shows similar figurines found in grave 289 with late-second century potsherds.
page 148 note 134 Information and plan sent by Dr. G. Webster, the excavator.
page 149 note 135 Information from Mrs. G. M. Aitken, who directed the work for the Dorset Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc., as in 1961, when it was incorrectly stated (JRS LII, 185, n. 150) that Mr. C. J. Bailey was also a director.
page 149 note 136 Information from Mr. R. A. H. Farrar.
page 149 note 137 Original fieldwork by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England) was followed by excavations by Mr. N. H. Field with the Archaeological Societies of Poole Grammar School and Henry Harbin School, and by Mr. B. Davison for the Ministry of Public Building and Works. For three graffiti see below, p. 166, no. 47.
page 149 note 138 Warne, C., Ancient Dorset (1872), 282Google Scholar; The Antiquary XIX (1889), 78. Information from Mr. Farrar.
page 149 note 139 Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain (1955), 95.Google Scholar
page 149 note 140 Fieldwork by Mr. J. E. D. Stratton.
page 149 note 141 Wilts. Arch. Mag. LII (1948), 395. Excavation directed by Mr. D. J. Algar for the Salisbury Museum Research Committee, who sent information.
page 149 note 142 Hoare, R. Colt, Ancient Wiltshire II (1819–1822), 91Google Scholar; Wilts. Arch. Mag. VI (1860), 330–1; Vict. Co. Hist. Wilts. I (1957), 195, nos. 6, 6a, 7.
page 149 note 143 On behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works by Mr. D. D. A. Simpson and Dr. I. Smith, who sent details.
page 149 note 144 Information from Mr. W. H. Manning, who directed the work for Reading Museum and Berkshire Field Research Group.
page 150 note 145 Information from Mr. D. B. Connah, who directed the work for St. Bartholomew's Grammar School, Newbury, in conjunction with the Berkshire Field Research Group. For a graffito see below, p. 165, no. 38.
page 150 note 146 Information from Mr. M. Biddle, who directed excavations for the Winchester Excavation Committee.
page 150 note 147 Information from Mr. A. T. Morley Hewitt.
page 150 note 148 Ministry of Public Building and Works, Official Guides.
page 151 note 149 Information from Mr. B. H. Cunliffe, the excavator.
page 151 note 150 By the Lewisham Nat. Hist. Society directed by Mr. H. J. Vosper, who sent details.
page 151 note 151 Margary, I. D., Roman Ways in the Weald (1948), 124 ff.Google Scholar
page 151 note 152 ibid. 81 ff.
page 151 note 153 Discovered in 1956 and excavated in 1957 and 1960, and since 1961 by Viscountess Hanworth, who sent details of both buildings; see Surrey Arch. Soc. Report for 1957, 4.
page 151 note 154 Richborough IV (Soc. Ant. Res. Rep., 1949), pl. XCVIII.
page 151 note 155 Room 36 in JRS LII, 188, fig. 32.
page 151 note 156 Information from Mr. B. H. Cunliffe, who directed excavations for the Chichester Civic Society; interim report in Antiq. Journ. XLIII (1963), 1–14, to which we are indebted for illustrations.
page 151 note 157 Archaeologia LII (1890–91), pl. XXXI.
page 151 note 158 Sussex Arch. Coll. LXXVI (1935), 159–71; for a statue-base to Jupiter Optimus Maximus see Antiq. Journ XV (1935). 461–4.
page 151 note 159 For the corresponding street, 500 ft. N of West Street, see JRS LI, 189, and our fig. 33; the house encroaching on this street, there attributed to the fourth century, is now realized to be medieval.
page 155 note 160 Information and plan sent by Mr. J. Holmes, who directed excavations and observation for the Chichester Civic Society.
page 155 note 161 Information and plan from Prof. S. S. Frere, the excavator.
page 155 note 162 The trackway from Turners Hill to Handcross (Margary, I. D., Roman Ways in the Weald, 1948, 264Google Scholar) continues past the barrow in a hollow way.
page 155 note 163 Information from Mr. S. G. Beckensall, the excavator. For Roman coins and other objects apparently secreted in prehistoric barrows see Piggott, S., The West Kennet Long Barrow, Excavations 1955–6 (1962), 55 f.Google Scholar
page 155 note 164 By Mr. H. F. Cleere of the Iron and Steel Institute, who sent details.
page 158 note 165 Information sent by Mr. R. E. Chaplin, who directed excavations for Rochester City Corporation; summary report in Arch. Cant, LXXVII (1962), 1.
page 158 note 166 Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III (1932), 80 ff.
page 158 note 167 Located in aerial survey by Mr. M. A. Ocock on behalf of the Lower Medway Research Group; cf. also Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III (1932), 104, no. 3.
page 158 note 168 cf. that at Well (Yorks.), 40 ft. long: JRS XXXVII (1947), 169, fig. 4.
page 158 note 169 Information and plan sent by Mr. A. P. Detsicas, who directed excavation for the same Group; summary report in Arch. Cant, LXXVII (1962), 210 f. For two graffiti see below, p. 165, no. 39.
page 158 note 170 For an inscription on. the bowl of one of the spoons see below, p. 163, no. 20.
page 158 note 171 Information from Mr. F. Jenkins. The hoard, which was declared Treasure Trove, has been acquired by the Royal Museum, Canterbury. For the chi-rho monograms see below, p. 163, nos. 21 and 22, and cf. Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass. 3 XVI (1953), 14 ff. For Christians at Canterbury under Roman rule see Bede, , HE 1, 25 and 33.Google Scholar
page 158 note 172 For the fort-wall and bank on the E side see JRS L, 236; Arch. Cant. LXXIII (1959), lii; and for a section of the ditch-system on the S, Arch. Cant. LXXIV (1960), 184–6, figs. 3–5.
page 158 note 173 cf. Lympne, 120 ft. wide with office-range 30 ft. deep: Smith, C. R., Excavations at Lymne (1852), 18–19Google Scholar; Ward, J., Romano-British Buildings and Earthworks (1911), 36, fig. 12.Google Scholar
page 158 note 174 Excavation by the Reculver Research Group directed by Mr. B. J. Philp, who sent details.
page 160 note 1 When measurements are quoted the width precedes the height.
page 160 note 2 Found by Mr. F. Curtis at the point TL 687888. Examined by the present writer.
page 160 note 3 Found and retained by Mr. R. W. P. Cockerton, who sent photographs, squeezes and details. On the top there is a wedge-shaped slot, ⅜ in. deep and 2 in. wide as it approaches the centre of the stone. Behind it lies a round socket, 1 in. in diam., 1¼ in. deep. Mr. Cockerton considers that the stone was broken near its centre, that the pattern of the slot and socket was repeated in reverse and at the back had a corresponding slot with two further sockets to balance it and secure the statue which was placed upon it.
page 160 note 4 Mr. G. C. Boon sent details and a drawing; the stone is in the Segontium Museum. The shape of the S and the placing of the letters on the stone suggest that O formed the end of a word.
page 160 note 5 Mr. A. M. Mann, Manager of the Knitwear Factory at Wanlass Howe, in conjunction with Mr. P. A. Dover, explored the site. Mr. Dover and Mr. B. L. Thompson sent details and photographs from which Professor E. Birley worked out and in large part annotated the interpretation adopted here.
page 160 note 6 Birley suggests the expansion B(onis), although there seems to be no parallel for this on a tombstone. Dessau (ILS 4477) tentatively expands a religious dedication as D(is) B(onis) s(acrum). An inscription found near Theveste (CIL VIII, 2185) says parentes Manes estote boni. Festus (Müller ed., p. 146) says manuos … Stilo significare ait bonos, ut inferi di Manes pro boni dicantur. Eme(ritus) ex ordi(nato) means ‘retired centurion’, for ordinatus was used for ‘centurion’ in the third and fourth centuries. The actarius was ‘record-clerk’ in the regimental office. For the spelling visit for visit see ILS 2147 and Diehl, Inscriptiones Latinae Christinae veteres iii, p. 609, who gives references to more than twenty similar instances. In 1. 7 the fourth letter of INTE has a short lower bar and might be read as F. But as the mason has omitted the consonant normally used to conclude words or their abbreviations, ordi(nato), visi(t), anni(s), hosti(bus), it seems more likely that the abbreviation inte(rfectus) has been used rather than the contraction int(er)f(ectus).
page 160 note 7 Mr. H. B. Stout, A.R.I.B.A., sent details, squeezes and a photograph. For altar-shaped tombstones see CIL VII, 53 (Bath); EE IX, 1103 (Chester); CIL VII, 588, with fig. in Bruce, Lap. Sept., 117 (Chesters). Cianus is used for ‘inhabitant of Cius’ by Livy XXXIII, 30, 4. The cognomen Ciantull[o] occurs in CIL III, 5191. Although the nomen Fonteius is well-attested, there seems to be no example of Fontius or Fontia.
page 160 note 8 Miss D. Charlesworth supplied photographs and details on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. Drawn by the present writer in Carlisle Museum.
page 161 note 9 For D(is) I(nferis) M(anibus) see ILS 2434, 4059, 8163, etc. For Apullio see Apullonus (CIL v, 5605) and for Huctia see Hucdio, (CIL XIII, 8779)Google Scholar.
The upper margin was abraded into five curved depressions; this suggests that in its first stage of re-use the slab was part of the side of a water-tank (for such examples at Corbridge see Knowles, , Arch. Ael.3 IV, 1908, 275Google Scholar, fig. 12).
page 161 note 10 Found by Mr. W. Dodds and now in Ebchester Church-porch, where the present writer drew it. Mr. A. Reed, through Professor E. Birley, provided details.
page 161 note 11 Found in conservation carried out by the Ministry of Public Building and Works, and stored by the same authority. Details provided by Mr. C. Anderson; drawn by the present writer. For the century of Cocceius Regulus see JRS XLII (1952), 104, found 32 ft. E of Turret 48a, and EE VII, 1075, found in the garden-wall of Willowford Farm, which lies just W of Turret 486.
Petta seems to be unmatched, but may be another form of Πίττας (CIG 2749). For Dida see ILS 9142; CIL v, 624, 1958; JRS XXVII (1937), 247: con. I Dacorum 7 Ael. Dida; for a note on the etymology see Detschew, D., Die thrakischen Sprachreste (Vienna, 1957)Google Scholar, s.v. Dida.
page 161 note 12 See Bruce, J. C., Handbook to the Roman Wall (11th ed. by I. A., Richmond, 1957), 171.Google Scholar
page 161 note 13 Carlisle Journal, 28th Aug., 1813. The reference was noted by Mr. C. R. Hudleston and interpreted by Professor E. Birley. For the same centurion see CIL VII, 551, 849.
page 161 note 14 The excavation was conducted by Lt.-Colonel P. F. Fane Gladwin. Professor E. Birley provided details; the present writer has drawn the stone.
page 161 note 15 Miss A. S. Robertson, on behalf of the Scottish School of Field Studies, sent details and photographs and made the fragment available for study. In 1.2 the vertical stroke belonged to some letter other than T.
page 162 note 16 Major S. P. H. Simonds presented it to the Museum. The late Professor D. Atkinson took full notes and squeezes; these, with a photograph supplied by the Museum, were made available by Professor I.A. Richmond to the present writer, who has drawn the texts. The object was found in field III, just SW of the circular plantation, no. 42. There are more impurities than usual in the texture of the pig. The front of it has been scored by the plough.
page 162 note 17 The stamp of this ‘company’ occurs as SOC NO‥ and SOC 
on the two pigs from the Mendips found at Bitterne (see Proc. Soc. Ant. 2 XXXI (1918), 37, and MS notes by R. G. Collingwood). Here, however, there is no trace of an A ligatured to 
or of a terminal C. The meaning of 
remains obscure.
page 162 note 18 Mr. B. R. Hartley supplied details and sent the object for study.
page 162 note 19 Dr. D. J. Smith gave details and made it available. It had once been contained in a circular sealbox; see Wheeler, , London in Roman times (1930), 108, fig. 33.Google Scholar
page 162 note 20 Mr. G. C. Boon sent details, a moulding and a photograph. For the type see Kisa, , Glas III, 925Google Scholar, no. 13; 940, no. 10; CIL XV, 6970a.
page 162 note 21 Now in the Yorkshire Museum, no. HG 22. Drawn by the present writer in 1948 at the instance of Mr. (now Dr.) D. B. Harden.
page 162 note 22 On behalf of die Winchester Excavations Committee Mr. M. Biddle submitted it through Miss D. Charlesworth, who dates it within the first two centuries A.D. It was found in a level sealed by the courtyard of a house destroyed about A.D. 300.
page 163 note 23 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent it for study.
page 163 note 24 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; Mr. G. C. Boon sent details, a rubbing and a cast.
page 163 note 25 Mr. J. W. Brailsford made this and the next two items available. Mr. F. Jenkins provided details of the site. Grid ref. TR 144578; in JRS XLIII (1953), 127, fig. 39, the position is approximately at the letter E in VISIBLE, a few yards SW of the angle of the city wall.
page 163 note 26 For similar spoons see Dalton, , Antiqs. Journ. II (1922), 90.Google Scholar
page 163 note 27 See Dalton, , Antiqs. Journ. II (1922), 89CrossRefGoogle Scholar, for a similar, but uninscribed, implement found with late spoons at Dorchester, Dorset. See Laur-Belart, , Illustrated London News, 14th July, 1962, 70Google Scholar, and 21st July, 1962, 98–9, for a hoard of silver-ware, coins and ingots found in 1962 at Kaiseraugst, near Basel. The date for the concealment of this treasure must be later than A.D. 353. One implement of similar shape has a 
in open work, while a second is uninscribed. The purpose of these spiked sticks was presumably ‘for eating delicate foods such as snails or fish’. For a later example of a one-pronged implement from the St. Ninian's Isle silver hoard see Bruce-Mitford, , Antiquity XXXIII (1959), 246Google Scholar, inventory no. 10, fig. s, pl. XXXIII (d). Unlike the Canterbury example it has a cutting-edge at the base of the prong.
page 163 note 28 Arch. Journ. XVII (1860), 182, and for the site 73, 159; two inscribed stones, CIL VII, 924, 929, were found near by. Professor E. Birley supplied this reference.
page 163 note 29 Now in the possession of Mr. P. J. Hellard. Mr. K. S. Painter supplied a cast and Mr. F. Cottrill details.
page 163 note 30 See CIL XIII, 3707 (Trier), for L. Succius Genialis.
page 164 note 31 Now in the museum on the site; Mr. A. T. Morley Hewitt made it available and supplied details.
page 164 note 32 Mr. J. Real gave details and made it available.
page 164 note 33 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Mr. G. C. Boon sent details, rubbings and squeezes.
page 164 note 34 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent information and rubbings or made the finds available for nos. 28, 29, 31 and 40.
page 164 note 35 cf. one example in the Yorkshire Museum; see RCHM York I, 115, fig. 80.
page 164 note 36 See JRS LII (1962), 197, no. 37; and no. 30 (below).
page 164 note 37 Birley, R. E., Illustrated London News, 29th September, 1962, 480.Google Scholar From coin-evidence he dates the occupation after A.D. 202 and probably to the last years of Septimius Severus. He shows (in a letter) that a tile-stamp reading ]VIC[ was found in or before 1842 in an excavation at Carpow, see A. Small, ‘The true millenium, including new discoveries in antiquity …’(Edinburgh, 1843).
page 164 note 38 Dr. G. Webster sent full details.
page 164 note 39 Mrs.Clifford, , JRS XLV (1955), 71, pl. XV, 15.Google Scholar
page 164 note 40 Mr. D. B. Connah, who directed the excavation undertaken by St. Bartholomew's Grammar School, Newbury, in conjunction with the Berks. Field Research Group, sent details and a rubbing. For the site see above, pp. 149 f.
page 165 note 41 Dr. G. Webster sent a drawing and squeezes. The first letter has a short crossbar but from spacing seems to be T. This is supported by the analogous stamp TCM; see CIL VII, 1242a; EE IX, 1287; JRS XIV (1934), 220 (Cirencester); and JRS XLVIII (1958), 154 (Baginton, Warw.).
page 165 note 42 Mr. J. S. Wacher, on behalf of the Cirencester Excavation Committee, sent rubbings and squeezes.
page 165 note 43 Made available by Mr. H. J. M. Green, on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works. See above p. 141.
page 165 note 44 RCHM London III, 176, no. 56; Wheeler, London in Roman times, 50, pl. XXIII B.
page 165 note 45 Mr. J. E. H. Spaul, on behalf of the Tolson Memorial Museum, Huddersfield, sent details and squeezes. For the cognomen Philodespotus see CIL IX, 2324 (ILS 5617). Φιλοδώρητος in Aristophanes Eccl. 51 may be an invented name. Lines 1–3 werecut with a wooden stick which left grooves; 1. 4, perhaps in a different hand, was cut with a finer point.
page 165 note 46 For details see note to item 33 (above). The first letter, a vertical with two downward-sloping cross-strokes, is in this context presumably P and not F.
page 165 note 47 Mr. A. P. Detsicas sent them for study. Grid ref. TQ 722605.
page 165 note 48 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent details and a rubbing.
page 165 note 49 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent them for study. For the site see JRS XLV (1955), 131.
page 165 note 50 For Marcidius see CIL VIII, 15566, and Marcidia, ibid. 15567.
page 165 note 51 Now in the possession of Mr. J. E. Smith; Mr. F. Jenkins sent details and rubbings for this and for item 53 (below). Grid ref. TR 074534.
page 166 note 52 Now in Carlisle Museum; it is RF 116 in the Ferguson, R. collection, see CW2 XVII (1917), 193.Google Scholar Professor E. Birley drew attention to it.
page 166 note 53 Now in Carlisle Museum, May and Hope, CW 2 XVII (1917), 183, reg. no. O.M. 487. Professor E. Birley drew attention to it. For Ganicos see CIL XIII, 10010, 942; Oswald, Stamps.
page 166 note 54 Now in Carlisle Museum. The cognomen Hunicius occurs in CIL XIII, 7858. For the termination -usa de Schaetzen, Index des terminaisons, cites the names of ten potters.
page 166 note 55 Mr. B. R. Hartley, on behalf of the University of Leeds, sent the item for study.
page 166 note 56 Mr. N. H. Field sent the sherd with details. Grid ref. SY 997993. The first cut was probably X, as owner's mark. IV was later added twice, in shallow cutting beside it and more deeply above it.
page 166 note 57 Now in Carlisle Museum.
page 166 note 58 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Mr. G. C. Boon sent it for study.
page 166 note 59 Now in the possession of Mr. R. W. P. Cockerton, who sent it for study. The interpretation adopted here was put forward after scrutiny of the original by Professor I. A. Richmond.
page 166 note 60 Mr. R. E. Birley sent details and, through Professor E. Birley, made it available.
page 166 note 61 Dr. G. Webster sent a rubbing and details.
page 166 note 62 For details see no. 42 (above).
page 167 note 63 Mr. A. G. Pearson, through Mrs. B. R. Hartley, made the sherd available, on behalf of the Rugby Archaeological Society. Grid ref. SP 534798.
page 167 note 64 JRS XLVIII (1958), 139, fig. 14, and 140 for a brief mention; Webster, G., Antiqs. Journ. XXXIX (1959), 92, pl. XXIV F.Google Scholar
page 167 note 65 Now in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Mr. G. C. Boon sent it for study. The solution is due to Professor I. A. Richmond.
page 167 note 66 JRS LII (1962), 192, no. 7.
page 167 note 67 CJL VII, 457.
page 167 note 68 JRS LII (1962), 193, no. 14.
page 167 note 69 JRS LII (1962), 199, no. 52. For the excavation see ibid. 185.