Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:51:23.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Uncovering History: Private Sector Care Homes for Older People in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2010

JULIA JOHNSON*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.
SHEENA ROLPH
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.
RANDALL SMITH
Affiliation:
School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ
*
Address for correspondence: Julia Johnson, 51 Glanbrydan Avenue, Uplands, Swansea SA2 0HX email: j.s.johnson@open.ac.uk

Abstract

In conducting his research for The Last Refuge (1962), Peter Townsend visited 173 public, voluntary and private residential care homes for older people in England and Wales. Drawing on his data, now archived at the University of Essex, we traced the subsequent history of these homes and revisited a sample that were still functioning as care homes in 2006. In this article, we focus on the 42 private homes he visited, some of which remain open and were revisited by us in 2005–06. The pre-1980 history of private sector residential care provision for older people is an elusive and poorly charted topic. Drawing on the two data sets for then and now, this article contributes new insights into this area of UK policy and practice.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bird, N. (1984), The Private Provision of Residential Care for the Elderly, Social Work Monograph 23, Norwich: University of East Anglia.Google Scholar
Bowers, S. (2008), ‘Southern Cross in emergency talks over £46m loan deadline’, The Guardian, 1 July.Google Scholar
Challis, L. (1990), ‘The privatisation of long term care for older people: from public provision to public regulation’, in Parry, R. (ed.) Privatisation, Research Highlights in Social Work, 18, London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Challis, L. and Bartlett, H. (1987), Old and Ill: Private Nursing Homes for Elderly People, Research Paper No.1, London: Age Concern Institute of Gerontology.Google Scholar
Commission for Social Care Inspection (2004), Inspecting for Better Lives: Modernising the Regulation of Social Care, London: CSCI.Google Scholar
Commission for Social Care Inspection (2006), The State of Social Care in England 2005–06, London: CSCI.Google Scholar
Corden, A. (1992), ‘Geographical development of the long-term care market for elderly people’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 17: 1, 8094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalley, G., Unsworth, L., Keightley, D., Waller, M., Davies, T. and Morton, R. (2004), How Do We Care? The Availability of Registered Care Homes and Children's Homes in England and Their Performance against National Minimum Standards 2002–03, London: Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Darton, R. (2004), ‘What types of home are closing? The characteristics of homes which closed between 1996 and 2001’, Health and Social Care in the Community, 12: 3, 254–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darton, R. (2008), Personal communication.Google Scholar
Davies, C. A. (1999), Reflexive Ethnography, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Day, P. and Larder, D. (1986), Nursing Manpower in Private and Voluntary Nursing Homes for the Elderly, Bath Social Policy Paper No. 8, Bath: University of Bath.Google Scholar
Drakeford, M. (2006), ‘Ownership, regulation and the public interest: the case of residential care for older people’, Critical Social Policy, 26: 4, 932–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, C. (2002), ‘British government policy and the concentration of ownership in long-term care provision’, Ageing and Society, 22: 1, 7994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, B. and Johnson, A. (1988), Cold Comfort: The Scandal of Private Rest Homes, London: Souvenir Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (2008), ‘“The Last Refuge” revisited: continuity and change in residential care, End of Award Report to the ESRC, http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/Google Scholar
Johnson, J., Rolph, S. and Smith, R. (2005), ‘Drawing on local expertise and experience: older people as co-researchers’, Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the British Society of Gerontology ‘The Ageing Jigsaw’, University of Bangor, September 2006.Google Scholar
Johnson, J., Rolph, S. and Smith, R. (2007), ‘Revisiting “The Last Refuge”: present day methodological challenges’, in Bernard, M. and Scharf, T. (eds.), Critical Perspectives on Ageing Societies, Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J., Rolph, S. and Smith, R. (2010), Residential Care Transformed: Revisiting ‘The Last Refuge’, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M. (1983), ‘Controlling the cottage industry’, Community Care, 476: 1618.Google Scholar
Judge, K. and Sinclair, I. (eds.) (1986) Residential Care for Elderly People, London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Karn, V. (1977), Retiring to the Seaside, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Kellaher, L., Peace, S., Weaver, T. and Willcocks, D. (1988), Coming to Terms with the Private Sector: Regulating Practice for Residential Care Homes and Elderly People, London: Centre for Environmental and Social Studies in Ageing, Polytechnic of North London.Google Scholar
Laing, & Buisson, (2009), Laing's Healthcare Market Review, 21st Edition 2008/2009, London: Laing & Buisson.Google Scholar
Larder, D., Day, P. and Klein, R. (1986), Institutional Care for the Elderly: Geographical Distribution of the Public/Private Mix in England, Bath: Centre for the Analysis of Social Policy, University of Bath.Google Scholar
Law, C. M. and Warnes, A. M. (1973), ‘The movement of retired people to seaside resorts: a study of Morecombe and Llandudno’, Town Planning Review, 44, 373–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, P. (1985), ‘Privatisation and residential care for elderly people: the data hare and the policy tortoise?’, Research, Policy and Planning, 3: 1013.Google Scholar
Means, R., Richards, S. and Smith, R. (2008), Community Care (4th edition), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Netten, A., Williams, J. and Darton, R. (2005), ‘Care-home closures in England: causes and implications’, Journal of Social Policy, 25: 3, 319–38.Google Scholar
Office of Fair Trading (2005), Care Homes for Older People in the UK: A Market Study, London: Office of Fair Trading.Google Scholar
Parker, R. (1988), ‘An historical background’, in Sinclair, I. (ed.), Residential Care: The Research Reviewed, London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Parker, R. (1990), ‘Care and the private sector’, in Sinclair, I., Parker, R., Leat, D. and Williams, J. (eds.), The Kaleidoscope of Care: A Review of Research on Welfare Provision for Elderly People, Part 4, London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Peace, S. M. and Holland, C. A. (2001), ‘Homely residential care: a contradiction in terms?’, Journal of Social Policy, 30: 3, 393410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, D. and Vincent, J. (1986), ‘Petit bourgeois care: private residential care for the elderly’, Policy and Politics, 14: 2, 189208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J. (1992), Private Residential Care: The Admission Process and Reactions of the Public Sector, Aldershot: Avebury.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. and McCoy, P. (1990), ‘Public and private residential care for elderly people: the social work task’, in Parry, R. (ed.), Privatisation, Research Highlights in Social Work 18, London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Redding, D. (2008), ‘Two cheers for the Care Quality Commission’, The Guardian, 11 June.Google Scholar
Rolph, S., Johnson, J. and Smith, R. (2009), ‘Using photography to understand change and continuity in the history of residential care for older people’, International Journal of Social Research Methods, 12: 5, forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scourfield, P. (2007), ‘Are there reasons to be worried about the “caretelization” of residential care?’, Critical Social Policy, 27: 2, 155–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, P. (1962), The Last Refuge: A Survey of Residential Institutions and Homes for the Aged in England and Wales, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Toynbee, P. (2003), Hard Work: Life in Low Pay Britain, London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Tryhorn, C. (2008), ‘On the mend’, The Guardian, 30 August, p. 40.Google Scholar
Victor, C. (2005), The Social Context of Ageing: A Texbook of Gerontology, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Weaver, T., Willcocks, D. and Kellaher, L. (1985a), The Pursuit of Profit and Care: Patterns and Processes in Private Residential Homes for Old People, London: Centre for Environmental and Social Studies in Ageing, Polytechnic of North London.Google Scholar
Weaver, T., Willcocks, D. and Kellaher, L. (1985b), The Business of Care: A Study of Private Residential Homes for Old People, Report No. 1, London: Centre for Environmental and Social Studies in Ageing, Polytechnic of North London.Google Scholar
Wilding, P. (1990), ‘Privatisation: an introduction and a critique’, in Parry, R. (ed.), Privatisation, Research Highlights in Social Work 18, London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Williams, G. (1967), Caring for People: Staffing Residential Homes, London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Wistow, G. (1995), ‘Aspirations and realities: community care at the crossroads’, Health and Social Care in the Community, 3: 4, 227–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar