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Twentieth-Century Malaysia: Politics of Decentralization of Power, 1920–1929. By Ghosh K.K.. Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 1977. Pp. xviii, 357. Preface, Tables and Illustrations, Abbreviations, Glossary, Maps, Bibliography, Index. Hardcover Rs60.00.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2011

Yeo Kim Wah
Yeo Kim Wah
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
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Type
Review Article
Information
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , September 1981 , pp. 487 - 511
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1981

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References

1 See my study, “The Politics of Decentralization: Colonial Controversy in Malaya, 1920–29” (forthcoming).

2 Memo by W. G. Maxwell, 10 Sept. 1922, enclosure to Guillemard to Devonshire, 30 Jan. 1923, Colonial Office Record (henceforth cited as CO) 717/27/1923.

3 Ghosh, K. K., Twentieth-Century Malaysia: Politics of Decentralization of Power, 1920-1929(calcutta, 1977), pp. 183–90 [henceforth pages of this study will be cited in the text].Google Scholar

4 For details, see Selangor State Secretariat File (SSF) 496/1923.

5 Memo, by Maxwell, 2 Jan. 1923, Ibid.

6 Minut e by Guiliemard, 4 Jan. 1923, Ibid.

7 Minute by Stonor, 12 Mar. 1923, Ibid.

8 Memo, by J. Strachan, Director, Public Works Department, 20 Feb. 1923, Ibid.

9 Comment by Stonor undated on margin of Maxwell to Stonor, 12 Mar. 1923, Ibid.

10 Minute by Stonor, 13 Mar. 1923, Ibid.

11 Minut e by Stonor, 9 July 1923, SSF 732/1923.

12 Minute by Maxwell, 31 Apr. 1923, SSF 2271/1923.

13 Memo, by Stonor, 23 May 1923, by McClelland, 6 June 1923, by Scott, 14 May 1923, and by Thomson, 18 May 1923, Ibid.

14 Minute by Hose, 20 June 1923, Negri Sembilan State Secretariat File (henceforth cited as NSF), 1398/1923.

15 Memo, by Pountney, 22 June 1923, SSF 2271/1923.

16 Minute by Maxwell, 29 Oct. 1923, Ibid.

17 Minute by Gibson, 16 Aug. 1925, SSF 832/1925.

18 Minute by Vlieland, 10 May 1923, NSF 1398/1923.

19 Minute by Wolff, 16 Oct. 1924, SSF 3367/1924; also minute by Cubitt, 15 Feb. 1923, SSF 732/1923.

20 Ghosh cites this portion in his discussion.

21 Memo, by Maxwell, 14 Dec. 1924, SSF 3367/1924.

22 Minute by Stonor, 26 Feb. 1924, Ibid.

23 Minute by Coe, 4 Oct. 1922, NSF 2035/1922.

24 Memo, by Hose, 18 Aug. 1922, Ibid.

25 Maxwell to Hose, 17 Oct. 1922, Ibid.

26 Memo, by Maxwell, 23 Apr. 1923, SSF 2196/1923.

27 Minute by Guillemard, 25 Apr. 1923, Ibid.

28 Minute by Maxwell, 26 Apr. 1923, NSF 1357/1923.

29 Memo, on Decentralization by Lowinger, Surveyor-General, 15 Oct. 1923, SSF 3998/1923D.

30 Dowden to Pountney, 4 Oct. 1923, SSF 3998/1923C.

31 Memo, on Decentralization by Lowinger, Surveyor-General, 15 Oct. 1923, SSF 3998/1923D.

32 Memo, by Alexander, undated, SSF 3998/1923E.

33 Minute of Estimates Decentralization Committee, 5th Meeting, 4 Dec. 1923, Ibid.

34 Guillemard to Grindle, 22 Jan. 1924, CO273/525.

35 Minute by Grindle, 7 Feb. 1922, CO717/14.

36 Memo, on Decentralization by Maxwell, 8 Feb. 1926, encl. to Guillemard to Amery, 18 Feb. 1926, CO717/48.

37 Observations upon the Constitution of the FMS with Particular Reference to the Policy of Decentralization and the Appointment of the Chief Secretary to Government, 22 Nov. 1925, CO717/45 [henceforth cited as Observations on Decentralization by Maxwell].

38 Clementi to Cunliffe-Lister, 8 Feb. 1932, CO717/88/92300 (Pt. I)/1932.

39 Penny to Amery, 10 Dec. 1925, CO717/47.

40 Malay Mail, 15 Feb. 1926.

41 Robson to Guillemard, 27 Jan. 1926, SSF 533/1926.

42 Malay Mail, 16 Feb. 1926; Straits Echo, 22 Dec. 1925; Straits Times, 17 Feb. 1926; Times of Malaya, 26 and 28 June 1926.

43 Memo, on Decentralization by Maxwell, 8 Feb. 1926, encl. to Guillemard to Amery, 18 Feb. 1926, CO717/48.

44 Ibid.

45 Ibid.; also Memo, on Decentralization by Maxwell, 12 Apr. 1926, encl. to Guillemard to Amery, 6 May 1926, CO717/52.

46 Straits Echo, Editorial, 8 Feb. 1926; Minute by Ellis, 1 Apr. 1926, CO717/48; Emerson, R., Malaysia: A Study of Direct and Indirect Rule (Kuala Lumpur, Reprint, 1964), p. 144Google Scholar; Hon-chan, Chai, The Development of British Malaya, 1896–1909 (Kuala Lumpur, 1967), p. 49Google Scholar.

47 For discussion, see Sadka, E., The Protected Malay States, 1874–1895 (Kuala Lumpur, 1968), pp. 156–95.Google Scholar

48 Guillemard to Amery, 6 May 1926, CO717/52.

49 For details, see Memo, on Decentralization by Maxwell, 12 Apr. 1926, encl. to Guillemard to Amery, 6 May 1926, Ibid.

50 Malay Mail, 5 Jan. 1926 and 11 Jan. 1926.

51 E. g., see Times of Malaya, 17 Dec. 1925; Straits Echo, 29 Dec. 1925, 9 Mar. 1926, and 26 Mar. 1926; Straits Times, 20 Feb. 1926.

52 Council Paper no. 39 of 1925, Proceedings of the Federal Council, FMS, 14 Dec. 1925, p. C546.

53 Ibid., p. C547.

54 Ibid.

55 Guillemard to Thomas, 22 Oct. 1924, CO717/34.

56 Observations on Decentralization by Maxwell, 22 Nov. 1925, CO717/45.

57 For comments on Ghosh's assertion that Iskandar asked in 1920 that the MAS be monopolized by the Malay aristocracy, see my article, “The Grooming of an Elite: Malay Administrators in the FMS, 1903–42”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (Sept. 1980): 296–300Google Scholar.

58 See Minutes by Collins, 21 Jan. 1926, CO717/48.

59 Ibid.

60 For details, see Memorial to Amery by Maxwell, 18 Dec. 1924, end. to Guillemard to Amery, 2 Jan. 1925. CO717/41.

61 For details, see Guillemard to Devonshire, 9 May 1923, and enclosures, CO717/28.

62 Minute by Grindle, 19 June 1923, Ibid.

63 Devonshire to Guillemard, 21 Aug. 1923, Ibid.

64 Minute by Collins, 6 Feb. 1925, CO717/41.

65 Roff, W., Origins of Malay Nationalism (Kuala Lumpur, 1967), ch. 3; alsoGoogle ScholarKim, Khoo Kay, “Sino-Malay Relations in Peninsular Malaysia before 1942”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (03 1981):93–107Google Scholar.

66 Personal communication from Khoo Kay Kim, 25 Sept. 1980; also Khoo Kay Kim, “Sino-Malay Relations in Peninsular Malaysia before 1942”, op. cit.

67 Nathan, J. E., The Census of British Malaya, 1921 (London, 1922), p. 156.Google Scholar

68 Minutes by Beckett, 23 May 1924, by Marsh, 23 Apr. 1924, and by Collins, 13 June 1924, CO717/40.

69 Thio, E., British Policy in the Malay Peninsula, 1880-1910 (Kuala Lumpur, 1969), pp. 177 and 241;Google Scholar see also Jahidin, Ahmad Sabki, “Iskandar Shah of Perak, 1881–1938” (Academic Exercise, University of Malaya in Singapore, 1958), p. 3Google Scholar.

70 Collins to Birch, 22 May 1924, CO717/33; Hume to Collins, 17 May 1924, Ibid.; Brockman to Collins, 7 May 1924, CO717/40.

71 Birch to Collins, 23 May 1924, CO717/40.

72 Collins to Marsh, 13 June 1924, Ibid.