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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2014
In [K] Keisler introduces a set theoretical relation WO(δ, x), where δ is an ordinal. This relation is characterized in ZF set theory by the following properties:
(1) WO(0, x) if and only if there is a wellordering on x.
(2) For δ > 0, WO(δ, x) if and only if there is a function ƒ with domain an ordinal λ such that:
We denote WO∞ the collection denned by: WO∞(x) = ∃δ WO(δ, x).
In [K] Keisler shows that countable transitive models of ZF + ∃x ¬ WO∞(x) have transitive uncountable elementary extensions with the same ordinals. Moreover for transitive models, satisfying ∃x ¬ WO∞(x) is also a necessary condition for the existence of an elementary extension with the same ordinals. (See [K bis] and also [K-M] where the connection with forcing is analysed.)