In a previous paper [1], Green's theorem for line integrals in the plane was proved, for Riemann integration, assuming the integrability of Qx−Py, where P(x, y) and Q(x, y) are the functions involved, but not the integrability of the individual partial derivatives Qx and Py. In the present paper, this result is extended to a proof of the Gauss-Green theorem for p-space (p ≥ 2), for Lebesgue integration, under analogous hypotheses. The theorem is proved in the form where Ω is a bounded open set in Rp (p-space), with boundary Ω; g(x) =(g(x1)…, g(xp)) is a p-vector valued function of x = (x1,…,xp), continuous in the closure of Ω; μv,(x) is p-dimensional Lebesgue measure; v(x) = (v1(x),…, vp(x)) and Φ(x) are suitably defined unit exterior normal and surface area on the ‘surface’ ∂Ω and g(x) · v(x) denotes inner product of p-vectors.

The notion of symmetric (non-linear) mappings has been introduced by Vainberg [3, p. 56]. However, symmetric mappings of this type have not played any important rôle in non-linear functional analysis. Naturally, as in the case of linear mappings, the symmetric mappings should be defined in such a way that they are easy to handle and belong to the most elementary class of non-linear mappings.

Throughout this note X will be a topological space with geometry G of length m–1 with . The terminology will be that of [1].

In [2] the author introduced a self-polar double-N(“CD”): this double-N is associated with a pair of very specially related (“-related”) normal rational curves, in that the spaces Hi, of one row of the double-N are chordal to one of the curves while the spaces Ki of the other row are chordal to the other curve. The double-N might be said to be “associated with” the triple consisting of these two curves and the polarizing quadric.

Let X be a real valued random variable with probability measure P and distribution function F. It will be convenient to take F as the intermediate distribution function defined by . In mathematical analysis it is a little more convenient to use this function rather than , which arise more naturally in probability theory. In all cases we shall consider With this definition, if the distribution function of X is F(x), then the distribution function of −X is 1−F(−x). The distribution of X is symmetrical about 0 if F(x) = 1 − F(−x).

There are infinitely, but at most continuously, many varieties of groups; the precise cardinal is unknown. It is easy to see that if there is no infinite properly descending chain of varieties (equivalently, if the laws of every variety have a finite basis), then the number of varieties is countable infinity; the converse implication does not seem to have been proved. This note presents an argument which implies that if the locally finite or the locally nilpotent varieties fail to satisfy the minimum condition, then there are continuously many such varieties. Alternatively, one can conclude that if a locally finite or locally nilpotent variety has a finite basis for its laws but some subvariety of has none, then there are continuously many varieties between and . This points again to the interesting question: is every locally finite [locally nilpotent] variety contained in a suitable locally finite [locally nilpotent] variety which has a finite basis for its laws? (That is, must be locally finite [locally nilpotent] for some finite n?) For, if the answer were affirmative, it would follow that the number of locally finite [locally nilpotent] varieties is either countable or the cardinal of the continuum, depending exactly on the existence of finite bases for the laws of such varieties.

Let be a complex Banach algebra, possibly non-commutative, with identity e. By a Reynolds operator we mean here a bounded linear operator T: → satisfying the Reynolds identity for all x, y ∈ . We prove that under certain conditions the resolvent of T, R(p, T) = (pI−T)−1, has the form where s = −log(e−Te) and exp y = e+y+y2/2!+….

This paper is devoted to a complete investigation into a problem initiated by Davenport [4], and further studied by Kanagasabapathy [6], [7], from whom I borrow the title. The question is a hybrid of the two classical results of Hurwitz and Minkowski on indefinite binary quadratic forms.

An integral on a locally compact Hausdorff semigroup S is a nontrivial, positive linear function μ on the space K(S) of real-valued continuous functions on S with compact support. If S has the property: is compact whenever A is compact subset of S and s ∈ S, then the function fa defined by fa(x) = f(xa) is in K(S) whenever f ∈ K(S) and a ∈ S An integral on a locally compact semigroup S with the property (P) is said to be right invariant if μ(fa) = μ(f) for all f ∈ K(S) and a ∈ S.

If the metric of an n-dimensional space is taken in the form ds2 = u2dτ2+dσ2, where dτ2 and dσ2 are cartesian metrics of r and (n−r) dimensions, respectively, the various forms of u for flat space are quite simple. The study of accelerated motions in special relativity by various authors has led to four dimensional metrics of this form. Those in which u = ±1 at the space origin for all values of time are of particular interest. They are locally cartesian at the accelerated observer, and so the coordinates in the neighbourhood of the observer correspond directly to physical measurements. Hence, such metrics provide convenient means of describing physical conditions experienced by accelerated observers. If the τ-space contains the time direction and is of one or two dimensions, arbitrary rectilinear motions are allowed.

Let Fq denote the finite field with q elements, Zm the residue class ring Z/mZ. It is known that the projective linear groups G = PSL2(Fq) and PGL2(Fq) (q a prime-power ≥ 4) are characterised among finite insoluble groups by the property that, if two cyclic subgroups of G of even order intersect non-trivially, they generate a cyclic subgroup (cf. Brauer, Suzuki, Wall [2], Gorenstein, Walter [3]). In this paper, we give a similar characterisation of the groups G = PSL2 (Zþt+1) and PGL2 (Zþt+1) (p a prime ≥ 5, t ≥ 1).

Let G, N be groups, let A(N) be the automorphism group of N and let I(N) be the subgroup of inner automorphisms. A homomorphism θ: G → A(N)/I(N) will be denoted by (G, N, θ) and called an abstract kernel. (G, N, θ) induces in an obvious manner a structure of a (left) G-module on the centre C of N. A well known construction of Eilenberg and MacLane [1, § 7–9] assigns to (G, N, θ) its obstruction Obs (G, N, θ) ∈H3(G, C). This assignment is such that if C is an arbitrary G-module then every element of H3(G, C) is of the form Obs (G, N, θ) for a suitable abstract kernel (G, N, θ).

By an ordered semigroup we mean a semigroup with a simple order which is compatible with the semigroup operation. Several authors, for example Alimov [1], Clifford [2], Conrad [4] and Hion [7], studied the archimedean property in some special kinds of ordered semigroups. For a general ordered semigroup, Fuchs [6] defined the archimedean equivalence as follows: a ~ b if and only if one of the four conditionsholds for some positive integer n.

Laplace transform techniques for solving differential equations do not seem to have been directly applied to the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics. This may be because the Laplace transform of a wave function, in contrast to the Fourier transform, has no direct physical significance. However, this paper will show that scattering phase shifts and bound state energies can be determined from the singularities of the Laplace transform of the wave function. The Laplace transform method can thereby simplify calculations if the potential allows a straightforward solution of the transformed Schrödinger equation. Suitable cases are the Coulomb, oscillator and exponential potentials and the Yamaguchi separable non-local potential.

The theorem of Trevor Evans [1] that every countable semigroup can be embedded in a two-generator semigroup becomes obvious in automata theory as the statement that every countable automaton can be embedded in one with binary inputs. Standard techniques of automata theory [1], [3] yield a proof of the Evans Theorem using wreath products, as in Neumann [4].

Euclid's scheme for proving the infinitude of the primes generates, amongst others, the following sequence defined by p1 = 2 and pn+1 is the highest prime factor of p1p2…pn+1.

This paper is concerned with a class of singular elliptic partial differential equations related to the operator of Weinstein's generalized axially symmetric potential theory (GASPT) [1, 2] which has numerous applications.

Throughout this paper G denotes an infinite compact connected Hausdorff Abelian group with character group X. Given a map of α X into itself, we are concerned with the set of a, ∈ G such that the function ϕa ∈ l∞ (X) defined by is a multiplier of type (þ, þ), where it can be assumed without loss of generality that 1 ≤ þ < ∞.

In the present paper we shall consider some subgroups of (increasing) autohomeomorphisms of the closed real interval <0, 1>; mainly because of brevity, we shall defer discussing possible generalizations of our results to more general ordered fields.

In the terminology of J. R. Isbell [5], an element d of a semigroup S is dominated by a subsemigroup U of S if, for an arbitrary semigroup X and arbitrary homomorphisms α β, from S into X, α(u) = β(u) for every u in U implies α(d) = β(d). The set of elements of S dominated by U is a subsemigroup of S containing U and is called the dominion of U. It was shown by Isbell that if one takes two disjoint isomorphic copies S+, S− of S and forms their amalgamated free product S+ * US− that is to say, the quotient of the free product S+ * S− by the congruence p generated by , (u+ and u− being the images of u in S+, S− respectively) then the homomorphisms: μ+: S→ S+ * uS−, μ−: S→ S+ * uS− defined by are one-one. Moreover, μ+(s) = μ−(t) only if s = t, and μ+(s)= μ−(s) if and only if s is in the dominion of U. In other words, the two natural copies of S in S+ * uS− intersect precisely in the dominion of U. Thus, in particular, and in the terminology of [3], the amalgam [S+, S−; U] is embeddable if and only if U is self-dominating (that is to say, its own dominion) in S.