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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 January 2012
1 For an early presentation of material in this book, Zimmerman, Andrew, “A German Alabama in Africa: The Tuskegee Expedition to German Togo and the Transnational Origins of West African Cotton Growers,” American Historical Review 110 (Dec. 2005): 1362–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Other treatments include Harlan, Louis, “Booker T. Washington and the White Man's Burden,” American Historical Review 71 (Jan. 1966): 441–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Napo, Pierre Ali, Togo, Land of Tuskegee Institute's International Technical Assistance Experimentation: 1900–1909 (Accra, 2001)Google Scholar; Beckert, Sven, “From Tuskegee to Togo: The Problem of Freedom in the Empire of Cotton,” Journal of American History 92 (Sept. 2005): 498–526CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Beckert is one of the editors of the series that includes Alabama in Africa.
2 Rodgers, Daniel, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA, 1998)Google Scholar. With a similar emphasis, see Butler, Leslie, Critical Americans: Victorian Intellectuals and Transatlantic Liberal Reform (Chapel Hill, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schäfer, Axel R., American Progressives and German Social Reform, 1875–1920: Social Ethics, Moral Control, and the Regulatory State in a Transatlantic Context (Stuttgart, 2000)Google Scholar.
3 Harlan, Louis R., Booker T. Washington: The Making of A Black Leader (New York, 1972)Google Scholar; Harlan, Louis R., Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901–1915 (New York, 1983)Google Scholar; K. Gaines, Kevin, Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill, 1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For a contrasting interpretation, Norrell, Robert J., Up from History: The Life of Booker T. Washington (Cambridge, MA, 2009)Google Scholar.