1 Associations Between Alcohol-Related Problems, Neuropsychological Measures, and Financial Exploitation Vulnerability in a Low-Drinking Sample of Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults

Abstract

Objective:

In recent years, rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder have steadily increased among adults age 60 and older. Large studies have demonstrated that moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption (>7 drinks per week) is a risk factor for developing various types of dementias. The effects of alcohol-related problems on cognition are less clear, and are particularly understudied in older adults. Similarly, while there is an established link between worse cognition and financial exploitation vulnerability in older adults, no studies have examined relationships between alcohol-related problems and financial exploitation in this population. The current study therefore explores whether alcohol-related problems are associated with neuropsychological performance and financial exploitation vulnerability in a sample of older adults.

Participants and Methods:

Participants were a community sample of cognitively unimpaired adults over the age of 50 (N = 55, Age M(SD) = 69.1(6.2), 74.5% female, Years of education M(SD) = 16.8(2.3)). Interested individuals were excluded if they reported current or past substance use disorders. Participants completed a laboratory visit that included a neuropsychological assessment. Measures included the NIH Cognition toolbox, CVLT-II, Digit Span, Trails A/B, Benson Complex Figure Recall, and Verbal Fluency: Phonemic and Semantic, from the Alzheimer’s Disease Centers’ Uniform Data Set (UDS) version 3. Participants completed the CAGE Alcohol Abuse Screening Tool and the Short Michigan Alcohol Screener Test - Geriatric Version (SMAST) to assess alcohol-related problems. Both measures are used as clinical screening tools to measure likelihood of a substance use disorder and produce a summary score (0-4 for CAGE, 010 for SMAST) tabulating symptoms of alcohol-related problems. Participants also completed the Perceived Financial Vulnerability Scale (PFVS) to assess financial exploitation vulnerability. As a significant number of participants reported no drinking and therefore no alcohol-related problems, negative binomial regressions were used to test associations between neuropsychological measures, financial exploitation vulnerability, and alcohol-related problems.

Results:

After covarying for age and sex, SMAST was negatively associated with NIH toolbox total cognition (B(SE) = -.14(.07), p<.05) and marginally negatively associated with fluid cognition (B(SE) = -.07(.04), p=.06). Neither SMAST nor CAGE scores were significantly associated with performance on any other neuropsychological test (ps = .13-.99). SMAST was positively associated with financial exploitation vulnerability (B(SE) = .31(.16), p = .05); this effect remained significant after covarying for NIH total composite score in a secondary analysis.

Conclusions:

In a community sample of cognitively unimpaired, low-drinking adults over the age of 50, more alcohol-related problems were associated with worse NIH toolbox cognition scores. Similarly, more alcohol-related problems were associated with greater financial exploitation vulnerability, and this relationship was not driven by worse cognition. These results suggest that even low amounts of drinking and alcohol-related problems may be associated with cognition and financial exploitation vulnerability in cognitively unimpaired older adults. This study also corroborates the use of the SMAST over the CAGE in older adult populations that may be more sensitive to cognitive changes.