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Neurocognitive Effects of HIV, Hepatitis C, and Substance Use History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2011

Kathryn N. Devlin ,
Assawin Gongvatana ,
Uraina S. Clark ,
Jesse D. Chasman ,
Michelle L. Westbrook ,
Karen T. Tashima ,
Bradford Navia  and
Ronald A. Cohen
Kathryn N. Devlin
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Assawin Gongvatana
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Uraina S. Clark
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Jesse D. Chasman
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Michelle L. Westbrook
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Center for AIDS Research, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Karen T. Tashima
Affiliation:
Center for AIDS Research, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Bradford Navia
Affiliation:
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Ronald A. Cohen*
Affiliation:
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Ronald A. Cohen, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Coro Building, Suite 314, One Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903. E-mail: rcohen@lifespan.org
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Abstract

HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction persists in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and may be exacerbated by comorbidities, including substance use and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the neurocognitive impact of HIV, HCV, and substance use in the HAART era is still not well understood. In the current study, 115 HIV-infected and 72 HIV-seronegative individuals with significant rates of lifetime substance dependence and HCV infection received comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. We examined the effects of HIV serostatus, HCV infection, and substance use history on neurocognitive functioning. We also examined relationships between HIV disease measures (current and nadir CD4, HIV RNA, duration of infection) and cognitive functioning. Approximately half of HIV-infected participants exhibited neurocognitive impairment. Detectable HIV RNA but not HIV serostatus was significantly associated with cognitive functioning. HCV was among the factors most consistently associated with poorer neurocognitive performance across domains, while substance use was less strongly associated with cognitive performance. The results suggest that neurocognitive impairment continues to occur in HIV-infected individuals in association with poor virologic control and comorbid conditions, particularly HCV coinfection. (JINS, 2012, 18, 68–78)

Keywords

NeuropsychologyHIV-1Chronic hepatitis CViral loadCocaine dependenceOpiate dependence
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 68 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

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