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Normative Data for Adult Mandarin-Speaking Populations: A Systematic Review of Performance-Based Neuropsychological Instruments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2021

Wei (Gabriel) Qi Open the ORCID record for Wei (Gabriel) Qi [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiaoning Sun  and
Yue Hong
Wei (Gabriel) Qi*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian, Beijing100078, P. R. China School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Fuller Theological Seminary, 135 N, Oakland Ave., Pasadena, CA91182, USA
Xiaoning Sun
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, PuDong District, Shanghai200127, P. R. China Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St., Eugene, OR97403, USA
Yue Hong
Affiliation:
Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, 1 Constitution Rd., Charlestown, MA02129, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Wei (Gabriel) Qi, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian, Beijing100078, P. R. China. E-mail: gabrielqi@fuller.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

Normative data are essential for neuropsychological evaluations, but they are scarce for Mandarin-speaking populations, despite Mandarin being the language with the most native speakers. Several normative data studies have been reported in recent years for Mandarin speakers, who reside in different countries/regions (e.g., mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore, etc.). This review aims to serve as a reference guide to appropriate norms when working with a Mandarin-speaking patient and to guide future endeavors in test validation and development in areas where studies to date fall short.

Method:

We conducted a systematic review utilizing the PsycInfo, PubMed, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases as well as additional literature search through citations. We performed evaluations of the existing norms based on their test selection, cognitive domains covered, sample size, language, regions of participant recruitment, stratification by age/gender/education levels, and reporting of other psychometric properties. We focused on articles that included performance-based tests for adults but excluded those with purely clinical norms or from commercial publishers.

Results:

We reviewed 1155 articles found through literature search and identified 43 articles reporting normative data for this population that met our inclusion criteria. Sixty-five distinctive tests and 127 versions were covered. The results are presented within two detailed tables organized by articles and tests, respectively.

Conclusions:

We discussed the strengths and limitations of these normative reports. Practitioners are recommended to utilize normative data that most closely approximate a test-taker’s cultural and demographic backgrounds. Limitations of the current review are also discussed.

Keywords

Normative dataNeuropsychologyMandarinChineseLanguageSystematic review
Type
Critical Review
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , May 2022 , pp. 520 - 540
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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Footnotes

†

These two authors contributed equally to this article.

References

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