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Synergistic Effects of Reserve and Adaptive Personality in Multiple Sclerosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2016

Shumita Roy ,
Carolyn E. Schwartz ,
Paul Duberstein ,
Michael G. Dwyer ,
Robert Zivadinov ,
Niels Bergsland ,
Victoria Powell ,
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman  and
Ralph H.B. Benedict
Shumita Roy
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
Carolyn E. Schwartz
Affiliation:
DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., Concord, Massachusetts Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Paul Duberstein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Rochester Health Care Decision Making Group, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
Michael G. Dwyer
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York MR Imaging Clinical Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
Robert Zivadinov
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York MR Imaging Clinical Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
Niels Bergsland
Affiliation:
Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York MR Research Laboratory, IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Milan, Italy
Victoria Powell
Affiliation:
DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., Concord, Massachusetts
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
Ralph H.B. Benedict*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Ralph H.B. Benedict, Neurology, Buffalo General Hospital, Suite E2, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203. E-mail: benedict@buffalo.edu
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Abstract

Objectives: Cognitive reserve moderates the effects of gray matter (GM) atrophy on cognitive function in neurological disease. Broadly speaking, Reserve explains how persons maintain function in the face of cerebral injury in cognitive and other functional domains (e.g., physical, social). Personality, as operationalized by the Five Factor Model (FFM), is also implicated as a moderator of this relationship. It is conceivable that these protective mechanisms are related. Prior studies suggest links between Reserve and personality, but the degree to which these constructs overlap and buffer the clinical effects of neuropathology is unclear. Methods: We evaluated Reserve and FFM traits—Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness—in a cohort of 67 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We also examined the extent to which FFM traits and aspects of Reserve interact in predicting cognitive processing speed. Results: Retrospectively reported educational/occupational achievement was associated with higher Openness, and childhood social engagement was associated with higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Current involvement in exercise activities and social activities was associated with Extraversion, current involvement in hobbies was associated with Neuroticism, and current receptive behaviors were associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. When tested as predictors, Conscientiousness and childhood enrichment activities interacted in predicting cognitive processing speed after accounting for age, disease duration, disability, and GM volume. Conclusions: Childhood enrichment activities and Conscientiousness have a synergistic effect on cognitive processing speed. Current findings have implications for using psychological interventions to foster both Reserve and adaptive personality characteristics to stave off clinical symptoms in MS. (JINS, 2016, 22, 920–927)

Keywords

Reserve-related activitiesPersonalityMultiple sclerosisCognitive functioningMagnetic resonance imagingNeuropsychology
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Issue 9 , October 2016 , pp. 920 - 927
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

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