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Association of Sleep Quality on Memory-Related Executive Functions in Middle Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2017

Brinda K. Rana ,
Matthew S. Panizzon ,
Carol E. Franz ,
Kelly M. Spoon ,
Kristen C. Jacobson ,
Hong Xian ,
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ,
Michael Lyons  and
William S. Kremen
Brinda K. Rana*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, La Jolla, California
Matthew S. Panizzon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Carol E. Franz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Kelly M. Spoon
Affiliation:
Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University/Claremont Graduate University, San Diego, California
Kristen C. Jacobson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Hong Xian
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistcs, St. Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, MO St. Louis VA Healthcare System, St. Louis, Missouri
Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Michael Lyons
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
William S. Kremen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Brinda K. Rana and William S. Kremen, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0738, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail: bkrana@ucsd.edu and wkremen@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objectives: Sleep quality affects memory and executive function in older adults, but little is known about its effects in midlife. If it affects cognition in midlife, it may be a modifiable factor for later-life functioning. Methods: We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in 1220 middle-aged male twins (age 51–60 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. We interviewed participants with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and tested them for episodic memory as well as executive functions of inhibitory and interference control, updating in working memory, and set shifting. Interference control was assessed during episodic memory, inhibitory control during working memory, and non-memory conditions and set shifting during working memory and non-memory conditions. Results: After adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple comparisons, sleep quality was positively associated with updating in working memory, set shifting in the context of working memory, and better visual-spatial (but not verbal) episodic memory, and at trend level, with interference control in the context of episodic memory. Conclusions: Sleep quality was associated with visual-spatial recall and possible resistance to proactive/retroactive interference. It was also associated with updating in working memory and with set shifting, but only when working memory demands were relatively high. Thus, effects of sleep quality on midlife cognition appear to be at the intersection of executive function and memory processes. Subtle deficits in these age-susceptible cognitive functions may indicate increased risk for decline in cognitive abilities later in life that might be reduced by improved midlife sleep quality. (JINS, 2018, 24, 67–76)

Keywords

PSQICognitionVETSAMemoryResistance to interferenceExecutive function
Type
Special Section: Lifespan Neuropsychology
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 67 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

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