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Change in Cognitive Abilities in Older Latinos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2015

Robert S. Wilson ,
Ana W. Capuano ,
David X. Marquez ,
Priscilla Amofa ,
Lisa L. Barnes  and
David A. Bennett
Robert S. Wilson*
Affiliation:
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Ana W. Capuano
Affiliation:
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
David X. Marquez
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
Priscilla Amofa
Affiliation:
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Lisa L. Barnes
Affiliation:
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
David A. Bennett
Affiliation:
Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Robert S. Wilson, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Suite 1027a, Chicago, IL, 60612. E-mail: rwilson@rush.edu
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare patterns of cognitive decline in older Latinos and non-Latinos. At annual intervals for a mean of 5.7 years, older Latino (n=104) and non-Latino (n=104) persons of equivalent age, education, and race completed a battery of 17 cognitive tests from which previously established composite measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability were derived. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and education, performance declined over time in each cognitive domain, but there were no ethnic group differences in initial level of function or annual rate of decline. There was evidence of retest learning following the baseline evaluation, but neither the magnitude nor duration of the effect was related to Latino ethnicity, and eliminating the first two evaluations, during which much of retest learning occurred, did not affect ethnic group comparisons. Compared to the non-Latino group, the Latino group had more diabetes (38.5% vs. 25.0; χ2[1]=4.4; p=.037), fewer histories of smoking (24.0% vs. 39.4%, χ2[1]=5.7; p=.017), and lower childhood household socioeconomic level (−0.410 vs. −0.045, t[185.0]=3.1; p=.002), but controlling for these factors did not affect results. Trajectories of cognitive aging in different abilities are similar in Latino and non-Latino individuals of equivalent age, education, and race. (JINS, 2016, 22, 58–65)

Keywords

Cohort studiesLongitudinal studiesEthnic groupsLatinosCognitionAging
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 58 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2015 

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