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Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

E. Mark Mahone ,
Marin E. Ranta ,
Deana Crocetti ,
Jessica O'Brien ,
Walter E. Kaufmann ,
Martha B. Denckla  and
Stewart H. Mostofsky
E. Mark Mahone*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Marin E. Ranta
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Deana Crocetti
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Jessica O'Brien
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Walter E. Kaufmann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Center for Genetic Disorders of Cognition and Behavior, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Martha B. Denckla
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Developmental Cognitive Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Stewart H. Mostofsky
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Laboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: E. Mark Mahone, Ph.D., Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 East Fairmount Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21231. E-mail: mahone@kennedykrieger.org
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Abstract

The current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

Keywords

SegmentationPremotorPrefrontalSupplementary Motor Complex (SMC)Pre-SMAGenderSexChildhood
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 6 , November 2011 , pp. 1047 - 1057
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

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