Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:38:33.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Concurrent validity of Spanish-language versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Mental Status Questionnaire, Information-Memory-Concentration Test, and Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test: Alzheimer's disease patients and nondemented elderly comparison subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

I. Maribel Taussig
Affiliation:
Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191
Wendy J. Mack
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191
Victor W. Henderson
Affiliation:
Departments of Neurology (Division of Cognitive Neuroscience & Neurogcrontology) and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191

Abstract

One-hundred fifty-eight elderly Spanish-speaking U.S. residents (81 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and 77 subjects without dementia) were tested with Spanish-language versions of four brief cognitive assessment instruments: the Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE), the Mental Status Questionnaire (S-MSQ), the Information-Memory-Concentration test (S-IMC), and the Orientation-Memory-Conccntration test (S-OMC). Within-group performances were highly correlated for all four instruments. All tests distinguished between the demented and nondemented groups, but best discrimination was achieved with the S-IMC, which correctly classified 98% of subjects. This version was also the best predictor of functional disability, as measured by impairments in instrumental activities of daily living. Within the normal comparison group, neither gender nor a subject's monolingual/bilingual status affected test performance. These four Spanish-language cognitive screening tasks may aid in the evaluation of dementia among Spanish-speaking patients. (J1NS, 1996, 2, 286–298.)

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, R.L., Boake, C., & Crain, C. (1982). Bias in a neuropsychological test classification related to education, age, and ethnicity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 143145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.Google Scholar
Anthony, J.C., LeResche, L., Niaz, U., Von Korff, M.R., & Folstein, M.F. (1982). Limits of the “Mini-Mental State” as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychological Medicine, 12, 397408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardila, A., Rosselli, M., & Puente, A.E. (1994). Neuropsychological evaluation of the Spanish speaker. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, H.R., Canino, G., Rubio, Stipec M., & Shrout, P. (1987). Use of the Mini-Mental State examination in a probability sample of a Hispanic population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 731737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B.E., & Roth, M. (1968). The association between quantitative measures of dementia and senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 797811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckwalter, J.G., Sobel, E., Dunn, M.E., Diz, M.M., & Henderson, V.W. (1993). Gender differences on a brief measure of cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 50, 757760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crum, R.M., Anthony, J.C., Bassett, S.S., & Folstein, M.F. (1993). Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State examination by age and educational level. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269, 23862391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escobar, J.I., Burnam, A., Karno, M., Forsythe, A., Landsverk, J., & Golding, J.M. (1986). Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a community population of mixed ethnicity. Cultural and linguistic artifacts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 607614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillenbaum, G.G., Hughes, D.C., Heyman, A., George, L.K., & Blazer, D.G. (1988). Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State Examination score among community residents. Psychological Medicine, 18, 719726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). “Mini-Mental State”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeren, T.J., Lagaay, A.M., von Beek, W.C.A., Rooyman, H.G.M., & Hijmans, W. (1990). Reference values for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in oct- and nonagenarians. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 10931096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henderson, V.W. & Buckwalter, J.G. (1994). Cognitive deficits of men and women with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 44, 9096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hershey, D.A., Freed, D.M., & Henderson, V.W. (1988). Shortterm change in the cognitive and functional abilities of patients with Alzlieimer's disease. Scientific presentation, 34th annual meeting of the American Society of Aging, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Jin, H., Zhang, M.Y., Qu, O.Y., Wang, Z.Y., Salmon, D.P., Katzman, R., Grant, I., Liu, W.T., & Yu, E.S. (1989). Cross-cultural studies of dementia: Use of a Chinese version of Blessed-Roth Information-Memory-Concentration test in a Shanghai dementia survey. Psychology and Aging, 4, 471479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorm, A.F., Scott, R., Henderson, A.S., & Kay, D.W.K. (1988). Educational level differences on the Mini-Mental State: The role of test bias. Psychological Medicine, 18, 727731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahn, R.L., Goldfarb, A.L., Pollack, M., & Peck, A. (1960). Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 326328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzman, R., Brown, T., Fuld, P., Peck, A., Schechter, R., & Schimmel, H. (1983). Validation of a short orientation-memoryconcentration test of cognitive impairment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 734739.Google Scholar
Katzman, R., Zhang, M., Qu, O.-Y., Wang, Z., Liu, W.T., Yu, E., Wong, S.-C., Salmon, D.P., & Grant, I. (1988). A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination: Impact of illiteracy in a Shanghai dementia survey. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 41, 971978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, B.J., Staples, F., & Lopez-Aqueres, W. (1987). Epidemiology of depression and dysphoria in an elderly Hispanic population: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 920926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawton, M.P. & Brody, E.M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self maintaining and instrumental activities for daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 180186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, H.-C., Teng, E.L., Lin, K.-N., Hsu, T.-C., Guo, N.-W., Chou, P., Hu, H.-H., Cheng, W.-N., & Chiang, B.N. (1994). Performance on a dementia screening test in relation to demographic variables. Study of 5297 community residents in Taiwan. Archives of Neurology, 51, 910915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López, S.R. & Taussig, I.M. (1991). Cognitive-intellectual functioning of Spanish-speaking impaired and nonimpaired elderly: Implications for psychological assessments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 448454.Google Scholar
Lopez-Aqueres, W., Kemp, B., Plopper, M., Staples, F.R., & Brummel-Smith, K. (1984). Health needs of the Hispanic elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 32, 191197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowenstein, D.A., Argüelles, T., Barker, W.W., & Duara, R. (1993). A comparative analysis of neuropsychological test performance of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology, 48, P142–P149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Kazman, R., Price, D., & Standlan, E.M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, D.W., Pollitt, P.A., Treasure, F.P., Brook, C.P.B., & Reiss, B.B. (1989). The influence of education, social class and sex on Mini-Mental State scores. Psychological Medicine, 19, 771776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olmedo, E.L. (1981). Testing linguistic minorities. American Psychologist, 36, 10781085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J.-H. & Kwon, Y.C. (1990). Modification of the Mini-Mental State Examination for use in the elderly in a nonwestern society. Part I. Development of Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5, 381387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripich, D.N., Petrill, S.A., Whitehouse, P.J., & Ziol, E.W. (1995). Gender differences in language of AD patients: A longitudinal study. Neurology, 45, 299302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salmon, D.P., Riekkinen, P.J., Katzman, R., Zhang, M., Jin, H., Yu, E. (1989). Cross-cultural studies of dementia: A comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination performance in Finland and China. Archives of Neurology, 46, 769772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taussig, I.M., Henderson, V.W., & Mack, W. (1992). Spanish translation and validation of a neuropsychological battery: Performance of Spanish- and English-speaking Alzheimer's disease patients and normal comparison subjects. Clinical Gerontologist, 11, 95108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar