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Conditional Effects of Lifetime Alcohol Consumption on Methamphetamine-Associated Neurocognitive Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2019

Rowan Saloner ,
Emily W. Paolillo ,
Anya Umlauf ,
David J. Moore ,
Robert K. Heaton ,
Igor Grant ,
Mariana Cherner  and
The TMARC Group
Rowan Saloner
Affiliation:
San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 102, San Diego, CA 92120, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Emily W. Paolillo
Affiliation:
San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 102, San Diego, CA 92120, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Anya Umlauf
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
David J. Moore
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Robert K. Heaton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Mariana Cherner*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
The TMARC Group
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Mariana Cherner, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson St, Suite B, MC8231, San Diego, CA 92103-8231, USA. E-mail: mcherner@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

Methamphetamine (MA) dependence contributes to neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits. Although combined alcohol and MA misuse is common, how alcohol consumption relates to neurocognitive performance among MA users remains unclear. We hypothesized that alcohol and MA use would synergistically diminish neurocognitive functioning, such that greater reported alcohol consumption would exert larger negative effects on neurocognition among MA-dependent individuals compared to MA-nonusing persons.

Methods:

Eighty-seven MA-dependent (MA+) and 114 MA-nonusing (MA−) adults underwent neuropsychological and substance use assessments. Linear and logistic regressions examined the interaction between MA status and lifetime average drinks per drinking day on demographically corrected global neurocognitive T scores and impairment rates, controlling for recent alcohol use, lifetime cannabis use, WRAT reading performance, and lifetime depression.

Results:

MA+ displayed moderately higher rates of impairment and lower T scores compared to MA−. Lifetime alcohol use significantly interacted with MA status to predict global impairment (ORR = 0.70, p = .003) such that greater lifetime alcohol use increased likelihood of impairment in MA−, but decreased likelihood of impairment in MA+. Greater lifetime alcohol use predicted poorer global T scores among MA− (b = −0.44, p = .030) but not MA+ (b = 0.08, p = .586).

Conclusions:

Contrary to expectations, greater lifetime alcohol use related to reduced risk of neurocognitive impairment among MA users. Findings are supported by prior research identifying neurobiological mechanisms by which alcohol may attenuate stimulant-driven vasoconstriction and brain thermotoxicity. Replication and examination of neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying alcohol use in the context of MA dependence are warranted to elucidate whether alcohol confers a degree of neuroprotection.

Keywords

Substance-related disordersmethamphetamineethanolneuropsychologyneuroprotectioncognitive dysfunction
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 8 , September 2019 , pp. 787 - 799
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019. 

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