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The contribution of injury severity, executive and implicit functions to awareness of deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2010

NICHOLAS MORTON  and
LYNNE BARKER
NICHOLAS MORTON*
Affiliation:
Neurorehabilitation Services Tickhill Road Hospital, Doncaster, South Yorkshire
LYNNE BARKER
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Nicholas Morton, Rotherham, Doncaster and South Humber Mental Health NHS Trust, Tickhill Road Hospital, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, DN4 8QL. E-mail: n.morton@nhs.net
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Abstract

Deficits in self-awareness are commonly seen after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and adversely affect rehabilitative efforts, independence and quality of life (Ponsford, 2004). Awareness models predict that executive and implicit functions are important cognitive components of awareness though the putative relationship between implicit and awareness processes has not been subject to empirical investigation (Crosson et al., 1989; Ownsworth, Clare, & Morris, 2006; Toglia & Kirk, 2000). Severity of injury, also thought to be a crucial determinant of awareness outcome post-insult, is under-explored in awareness studies (Sherer, Boake, Levin, Silver, Ringholz, & Walter, 1998). The present study measured the contribution of injury severity, IQ, mood state, executive and implicit functions to awareness in head-injured patients assigned to moderate/severe head-injured groups using several awareness, executive, and implicit measures. Severe injuries resulted in greater impairments across most awareness, executive and implicit measures compared with moderate injuries, although deficits were still seen in the moderate group. Hierarchical regression results showed that severity of injury, IQ, mood state, executive and implicit functions made significant unique contributions to selective aspects of awareness. Future models of awareness should account for both implicit and executive contributions to awareness and the possibility that both are vulnerable to disruption after neuropathology. (JINS, 2010, 16, 1089–1098.)

Keywords

TacitConsciousControl processesImpairmentNeuropathology
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 16 , Issue 6 , November 2010 , pp. 1089 - 1098
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2010

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