Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T05:26:14.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Culture of Time in Neuropsychological Assessment: Exploring the Effects of Culture-Specific Time Attitudes on Timed Test Performance in Russian and American Samples

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2011

Anna V. Agranovich ,
A.T. Panter ,
Antonio E. Puente  and
Pegah Touradji
Anna V. Agranovich*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
A.T. Panter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Antonio E. Puente
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
Pegah Touradji
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Anna V. Agranovich, Division of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 174, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: agranovich@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cultural differences in time attitudes and their effect on timed neuropsychological test performance were examined in matched non-clinical samples of 100 Russian and American adult volunteers using 8 tests that were previously reported to be relatively free of cultural bias: Color Trails Test (CTT); Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT); Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT); and Tower of London-Drexel Edition (ToLDx). A measure of time attitudes, the Culture of Time Inventory (COTI-33) was used to assess time attitudes potentially affecting time-limited testing. Americans significantly outscored Russians on CTT, SDMT, and ToLDx (p < .05) while differences in RFFT scores only approached statistical significance. Group differences also emerged in COTI-33 factor scores, which partially mediated differences in performance on CTT-1, SDMT, and ToLDx initiation time, but did not account for the effect of culture on CTT-2. Significant effect of culture was revealed in ratings of familiarity with testing procedures that was negatively related to CTT, ToLDx, and SDMT scores. Current findings indicated that attitudes toward time may influence results of time limited testing and suggested that individuals who lack familiarity with timed testing procedures tend to obtain lower scores on timed tests. (JINS, 2011, 17, 692–701)

Keywords

Psychological assessmentNeuropsychological testCultural differencesCross-cultural studyAttitudesTimed testsRussiaClock timeEvent time
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , 21 June 2011 , pp. 692 - 701
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agranovich, A.V., Panter, A.T. (submitted). The culture of time inventory: Comparison of time attitudes pertaining to timed testing in Russian and American adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.Google Scholar
Agranovich, A.V., Puente, A.E. (2007). Do Russian and American normal adults perform similarly on neuropsychological tests? Preliminary findings on the relationship between culture and test performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 273–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Educational Research Association (1999). Standards for educational and psychological tests. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Ardila, A. (1995). Directions of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 143–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardila, A. (2005). Cultural values underlying psychometric cognitive testing. Neuropsychology Review, 15, 185–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardila, A., Ardila, O., Bryden, M.P., Ostrosky, F., Rosselli, M., Steenhuis, R. (1989). Effects of cultural background and education on handedness. Neuropsychologia, 27, 893–897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardila, A., Moreno, S. (2001). Neuropsychological test performance on Aruaco Indians: An exploratory study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 510–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardila, A., Rosselli, M., Rosas, P. (1989). Neuropsychological assessment in illiterates: Visuospatial and memory abilities. Brain and Cognition, 11, 147–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Astakhova, M., DuBois, C.Z., Hogue, M. (2010). A typology of middle managers in modern Russia: An intracultural puzzle. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 527–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, R.A., Buggie, S.E., Matsui, F. (1996). Beliefs about time: Cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 130, 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brickman, A.M., Cabo, R., Manly, J.J. (2006). Ethical issues in cross-cultural neuropsychology. Applied Neuropsychology, 13, 91–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brislin, R.W., Kim, E.S. (2003). Cultural diversity in people's understanding and uses of time. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52, 363–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camara, W.J., Nathan, J.S., Puente, A.E. (2000). Psychological test usage: Implications in professional psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 141–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, M. (1996). Cultural psychology: A once and future discipline. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cotte, J., Ratneshwar, S., Mick, D.G. (2004). The times of their lives: Phenomenological and metaphorical characteristics of consumer timestyles. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 333–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culbertson, W.C., Zilmer, E.A. (1998). The construct validity of the Tower of London-DX as a measure of the executive functioning of ADHD children. Assessment, 5, 215–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culbertson, W.C., Zilmer, E.A. (2001). Tower of London –Drexel University (ToLDx). Technical Manual. NY: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Golden, C.J., Thomas, R.B. (2000). Cross-cultural applications of the Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological test battery and Lurian principles of syndrome analysis. In C.R. Reynolds (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural neuropsychology (pp. 305–313). Dordrecht Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfield, P.M. (1997). You can't take it with you: Why ability assessments don't cross cultures. American Psychologist, 52, 1115–1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grigorenko, E.L., Ruzgis, P., Sternberg, R.J. (1997) In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Psychology of Russia: Past, present, future. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Hall, E.T. (1973). The silent language. Oxford, England: Anchor.Google Scholar
Hedden, T., Park, D., Nisbett, R., Jing, Q., Jiao, S. (2002). Cultural variation in verbal versus spatial neuropsychological function across the life span. Neuropsychology, 16, 65–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helms, J.E. (1997). The triple quandary of race, culture, and social class in standardized cognitive ability testing. In P.L. Harrison (Ed.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 517–532). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hill, O.W., Block, R.A., Buggie, S.E. (2000). Culture and beliefs about time: Comparisons among black Americans, black Africans, and white Americans. The Journal of Psychology, 134(4), 443–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Homskaya, E.D. (1999). The neuropsychological school of A.R. Luria. In E. D. Homskaya (Ed.), Neuropsychology handbook (pp. 53–59). Moscow: Russian Psychological Society Press.Google Scholar
Horton, A.M. Jr. (2008). Multicultural neuropsychological assessment: The future of neuropsychology. In D. Wedding (Ed.), The neuropsychology handbook (3rd ed., pp. 345–366). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Joint Committee on Testing Practices. (2004). Code of fair testing practices in education. Washington, DC: Joint Committee on Testing Practices.Google Scholar
Ko, G., Gentry, J.W. (1991). The development of time orientation measure for use in cross-cultural research. Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 135–142.Google Scholar
Kotik-Friedgut, B. (2006). Development of the Lurian approach: A cultural neurolinguistic perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 16, 43–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, R. (1997). A geography of time: The temporal misadventures of a social psychologist, or how every culture keeps time just a little bit differently. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Levine, R.V., Norenzayan, A. (1999). The pace of life in 31 countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 178–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Loring, D.W., Hannay, H.J., Fischer, J.S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luria, A.R. (1976). Cognitive development: Its cultural and social foundations . (trans M. Lopez-Morillas & L .Ssolotaroff). Oxford England: Harvard U Press.Google Scholar
Luria, A. (1980). Higher cortical functions in man and their impairment in local lesions of the brain (2nd ed.). Oxford England: Moscow U.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maj, M., D'Elia, L., Satz, P., Janssen, R.S. (1993). Evaluation of two new neuropsychological tests designed to minimize cultural bias in the assessment of HIV-1 seropositive persons: A WHO study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 123–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manly, J.J. (2008). Critical issues in cultural neuropsychology: Profit from diversity. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 179–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manly, J.J., Byrd, D.A., Touradji, P., Stern, Y. (2004). Acculturation, reading level, and neuropsychological test performance among African American elders. Applied Neuropsychology, 11, 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manly, J.J., Jacobs, D.M., Sano, M., Bell, K., Merchant, C.A., Small, S.A., Stern, Y. (1999). Effect of literacy on neuropsychological test performance in nondemented, education-matched elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5, 191–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manly, J.J., Jacobs, D.M., Touradji, P., Small, S.A., Stern, Y. (2002). Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and white elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 341–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manrai, L.A., Lascu, D., Manrai, A.K., Babb, H.W. (2001). A cross-cultural comparison of style in eastern European emerging markets. International Marketing Review, 18, 280–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manrai, L.A., Manrai, A.K. (1995). Effects of cultural-context, gender, and acculturation on perceptions of work versus social/leisure time usage. Journal of Business Research, 32, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcopulos, B.A., McLain, C.A., Giuliano, A.J. (1997). Cognitive impairment or inadequate norms: A study of healthy, rural, older adults with limited education. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 111–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikadze, I.V. (1997). A neuropsychological approach to diagnosing learning ability. Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, 35, 43–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitrushina, M., Boone, K., Razani, J., D'Elia, L. (2005). Handbook of normative data for neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nell, V. (2000). Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment: Theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Nicholson, A., Bubal, M., Murphy, M., Rose, R., Marmot, M. (2005). Socio-economic influences on self-rated health in Russian men and women--A life course approach. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 2345–2354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, R.H., Gunstad, J., Cooper, N., Williams, L.M., Clark, C.R., Cohen, R.A., Gordon, E. (2007). Cross-cultural assessment of neuropsychological performance and electrical brain function measures: Additional validation of an international brain database. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 117, 549–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez-Arce, P., Puente, A.E. (1996). Neuropsychological assessment of ethnic-minorities: The case of assessing Hispanics living in North America. In C.J. Long (Ed.), Ecological validity of neuropsychological testing (pp. 283–300). England: St Lucie Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Preacher, K.J., Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717–731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preacher, K.J., Hayes, A.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Puente, A.E., Agranovich, A.V. (2004). The cultural in cross-cultural neuropsychology. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment, vol. 1: Intellectual and neuropsychological assessment (pp. 321–332). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Puente, A.E., Perez-Garcia, M. (2000). Neuropsychological assessment of ethnic minorities: Clinical issues. In F.A. Paniagua (Ed.), Handbook of multicultural mental health (pp. 419–435). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabin, L.A., Barr, W.B., Burton, L.A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 33–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raven, J. (1958). Guide to using the colored progressive matrices. Oxford England: H.K. Lewis & Co.Google Scholar
Raven, J. (2000). The Raven's progressive matrices: Change and stability over culture and time. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richmond, V.P., Wrench, J.S., Gorham, J. (2001). Communication, affect, and learning in the classroom. Acton, MA: Tapestry Press.Google Scholar
Rivkin-Fish, M. (2009). Tracing landscapes of the past in class subjectivity: Practices of memory and distinction in marketizing Russia. American Ethnologist, 36, 79–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojas-Méndez, J.I., Davies, G., Omer, O., Chetthamrongchai, P., Madran, C. (2002). A time attitude scale for cross cultural research. Journal of Global Marketing, 15, 117–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romero, H.R., Lageman, S.K., Kamath, V.V., Irani, F., Sim, A., Suarez, P., Attix, D.K. (2009). Challenges in the neuropsychological assessment of ethnic minorities: Summit proceedings. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 761–779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruff, R. (1996). Ruff Figural Fluency Test: Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Siedlecki, K.L., Manly, J.J., Brickman, A.M., Schupf, N., Tang, M.X., Stern, Y. (2010). Do neuropsychological tests have the same meaning in Spanish speakers as they do in English speakers? Neuropsychology, 24, 402–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sircova, A., Mitina, O.V., Boyd, J., Davydova, I.S., Zimbardo, P.G., Nepryaho, T.L., Yasnaya, V.A. (2007). The phenomenon of time perspective across different cultures: Review of researches using ZTPI scale. Cultural-Historical Psychology, 4, 19–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. (1982). Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Manual (revised). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.Google Scholar
Tongren, H.N., Hecht, L., Kovach, K. (1995). Recognizing cultural differences: Key to successful U.S.-Russian enterprises. Public Personnel Management, 24, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tupper, D.E. (1999). Introduction: Neuropsychological assessment apres Luria. Neuropsychology Review, 9, 2, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasserman, L.I., Dorofeeva, S.A., Meyerson, Y.A. (1997). Methods of neuropsychological diagnostics: Practical manual. St. Petersburg, Russia: Stoipechat (Russian).Google Scholar