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“Do I Have a Memory Problem? I Can’t Recall”: An Evaluation of Measurement Invariance in Subjective Reporting of Memory Symptoms among Persons with and without Objective HIV-Associated Memory Impairment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2021

David P. Sheppard Open the ORCID record for David P. Sheppard [Opens in a new window] ,
Matthew W. Gallagher ,
Erin E. Morgan ,
Angulique Y. Outlaw ,
Sylvie Naar  and
Steven Paul Woods
David P. Sheppard
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, USA Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
Matthew W. Gallagher
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, USA
Erin E. Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
Angulique Y. Outlaw
Affiliation:
Department of Family Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
Sylvie Naar
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Steven Paul Woods*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, USA
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Steven Paul Woods, Department of Psychology, Heyne Building Suite 239d, University of Houston, Houston, TX77004, USA. Tel: 713 743 6415; Fax: 713 743 8588; Email: spwoods@uh.edu.
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Abstract

Objective:

Memory symptoms and objective impairment are common in HIV disease and are associated with disability. A paradoxical issue is that objective episodic memory failures can interfere with accurate recall of memory symptoms. The present study assessed whether responses on a self-report scale of memory symptoms demonstrate measurement invariance in persons with and without objective HIV-associated memory impairment.

Method:

In total, 505 persons with HIV completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Objective memory impairment (n = 141) was determined using a 1-SD cutoff on clinical tests of episodic memory. PRMQ measurement invariance was assessed by confirmatory factor analyses examining a one-factor model with increasing cross-group equality constraints imposed on factor loadings and item thresholds (i.e., configural, weak, and strong invariance).

Results:

Configural model fit indicated that identical items measured a one-factor model for both groups. Comparison to the weak model indicated that factor loadings were equivalent across groups. However, there was evidence of partial strong invariance, with two PRMQ item thresholds differing across memory impairment groups. Post hoc analyses using a 1.5-SD memory impairment cutoff (n = 77) revealed both partial weak and partial strong invariance, such that PRMQ item loadings differed across memory groups for three items.

Conclusions:

The PRMQ demonstrated a robust factor structure among persons with and without objective HIV-associated memory impairment. However, on select PRMQ items, individuals with memory impairment reported observed scores that were relatively higher than their latent score, while items were more strongly associated with the memory factor in a group with greater memory impairment.

Keywords

Subjective memorySelf-reportConfirmatory factor analysisCognitive complaintsNeuropsychological assessmentPsychometrics
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , February 2022 , pp. 166 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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