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Effect of Retrieval Practice on Short-Term and Long-Term Retention in HIV+ Individuals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2017

Gunes Avci ,
Steven P. Woods ,
Marizela Verduzco ,
David P. Sheppard ,
James F. Sumowski ,
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti ,
John DeLuca  and
The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP) Group
Gunes Avci*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Texas
Steven P. Woods
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Texas School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Marizela Verduzco
Affiliation:
Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California
David P. Sheppard
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Texas
James F. Sumowski
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
John DeLuca
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Gunes Avci, Department of Psychology, 3695 Cullen Boulevard Room 126, Houston, TX 77204-5022. E-mail: gavci@uh.edu
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Abstract

Objectives: Episodic memory deficits are both common and impactful among persons infected with HIV; however, we know little about how to improve such deficits in the laboratory or in real life. Retrieval practice, by which retrieval of newly learned material improves subsequent recall more than simple restudy, is a robust memory boosting strategy that is effective in both healthy and clinical populations. In this study, we investigated the benefits of retrieval practice in 52 people living with HIV and 21 seronegatives. Methods: In a within-subjects design, all participants studied 48 verbal paired associates in 3 learning conditions: Massed-Restudy, Spaced-Restudy, and Spaced-Testing. Retention of verbal paired associates was assessed after short- (30 min) and long- (30 days) delay intervals. Results: After a short delay, both HIV+ persons and seronegatives benefited from retrieval practice more so than massed and spaced restudy. The same pattern of results was observed specifically for HIV+ persons with clinical levels of memory impairment. The long-term retention interval data evidenced a floor effect that precluded further analysis. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that retrieval practice improves verbal episodic memory more than some other mnemonic strategies among HIV+ persons. (JINS, 2017, 23, 214–222)

Keywords

CognitionLearningMemoryEpisodicMemory disordersNeuropsychological testsRehabilitation
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , March 2017 , pp. 214 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

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