Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T13:15:42.130Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Longitudinal Assessment of Self- and Informant-Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Sample of Healthy Late-Middle Aged Adults Enriched with a Family History of Alzheimer’s Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2017

Christopher R. Nicholas ,
N. Maritza Dowling ,
Annie M. Racine ,
Lindsay R. Clark ,
Sara E. Berman ,
Rebecca L. Koscik ,
Sanjay Asthana ,
Bruce Hermann ,
Mark A. Sager  and
Sterling C. Johnson
Christopher R. Nicholas
Affiliation:
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
N. Maritza Dowling
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics & Research, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC
Annie M. Racine
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Lindsay R. Clark
Affiliation:
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Sara E. Berman
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Rebecca L. Koscik
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Sanjay Asthana
Affiliation:
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Bruce Hermann
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Mark A. Sager
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Sterling C. Johnson*
Affiliation:
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Sterling C. Johnson, J5/1M, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792. E-mail: scj@medicine.wisc.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal trajectory of self- and informant-subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), and to determine if SCC predict longitudinal changes in objective measures (OM) of cognitive function. Methods: The study included healthy and cognitively normal late middle-aged adults enriched with a family history of AD who were evaluated at up to three visits over a 4-year period. At each visit (Visit 1–3), self- and informant-SCC and OM were evaluated. Linear mixed models were used to determine if the longitudinal rate of change of self- and informant-SCC were associated with demographic variables, depressive symptoms, family history (FH), and apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status. The same modeling approach was used to examine the effect of Visit 1 SCC on longitudinal cognitive change after controlling for the same variables. Results: At Visit 1, more self-SCC were associated with fewer years of education and more depressive symptoms. SCC were also associated with poorer performance on cognitive measures, such that more self-SCC at Visit 1 were associated with poorer performance on memory and executive functioning measures at Visit 1, while more informant-SCC were associated with faster rate of longitudinal decline on a measure of episodic learning and memory. FH and APOE4 status were not associated with SCC. Discussion: Self- and informant-SCC showed an association with OM, albeit over different time frames in our late middle-aged sample. Additional longitudinal follow-up will likely assist in further clarifying these relationships as our sample ages and more pronounced cognitive changes eventually emerge. (JINS, 2017, 23, 617–626)

Keywords

Self-reportDementiaAgingNeuropsychologyMemoryExecutive function
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 23 , Issue 8 , September 2017 , pp. 617 - 626
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Albert, M.S., Moss, M.B., Tanzi, R., & Jones, K. (2001). Preclinical prediction of AD using neuropsychological tests. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(05), 631–639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A., Rush, A., Shaw, B., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Brigola, A.G., Manzini, C.S.S., Oliveira, G.B.S., Ottaviani, A.C., Sako, M.P., & Vale, F.A.C. (2015). Subjective memory complaints associated with depression and cognitive impairment in the elderly: A systematic review. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 51–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cargin, J.W., Collie, A., Masters, C., & Maruff, P. (2008). The nature of cognitive complaints in healthy older adults with and without objective memory decline. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 30(2), 245–257. doi: 10.1080/13803390701377829 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caselli, R.J., Chen, K., Locke, D.E., Lee, W., Roontiva, A., Bandy, D., & Reiman, E.M. (2014). Subjective cognitive decline: Self and informant comparisons. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10(1), 93–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.003 Google Scholar
Chary, E., Amieva, H., Pérès, K., Orgogozo, J.-M., Dartigues, J.-F., & Jacqmin-Gadda, H. (2013). Short-versus long-term prediction of dementia among subjects with low and high educational levels. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 9(5), 562–571.Google Scholar
Chin, J., Oh, K.J., Seo, S.W., & Na, D.L. (2014). Are depressive symptomatology and self-focused attention associated with subjective memory impairment in older adults? International Psychogeriatrics, 26(04), 573–580.Google Scholar
Crane, M., Bogner, H., Brown, G., & Gallo, J. (2007). The link between depressive symptoms, negative cognitive bias and memory complaints in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 11(6), 708–715.Google Scholar
Crumley, J.J., Stetler, C.A., & Horhota, M. (2014). Examining the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in older adults: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 29(2), 250–263. doi: 10.1037/a0035908 Google Scholar
Dik, M.G., Jonker, C., Comijs, H.C., Bouter, L.M., Twisk, J.W., van Kamp, G.J., & Deeg, D.J. (2001). Memory complaints and APOE-epsilon4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly. Neurology, 57(12), 2217–2222.Google Scholar
Gifford, K.A., Liu, D., Carmona, H., Lu, Z., Romano, R., Tripodis, Y., & Jefferson, A.L. (2015). Inclusion of an informant yields strong associations between cognitive complaint and longitudinal cognitive outcomes in non-demented elders. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 43(1), 121–132.Google Scholar
Gifford, K.A., Liu, D., Lu, Z., Tripodis, Y., Cantwell, N.G., Palmisano, J., & Jefferson, A.L. (2014). The source of cognitive complaints predicts diagnostic conversion differentially among nondemented older adults. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10(3), 319–327. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.007 Google Scholar
Gilewski, M.J., Zelinski, E.M., & Schaie, K.W. (1990). The Memory Functioning Questionnaire for assessment of memory complaints in adulthood and old age. Psychology and Aging, 5(4), 482–490.Google Scholar
Golden, C.J., Osmon, D.C., Moses, J.A., & Berg, R.A. (1981). Interpretation of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test battery: A casebook approach. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Gross, A.L., Rebok, G.W., Unverzagt, F.W., Willis, S.L., & Brandt, J. (2011). Cognitive predictors of everyday functioning in older adults: Results from the ACTIVE cognitive intervention trial. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(5), 557–566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hertzog, C., & Pearman, A. (2013). Memory complaints in adulthood and old age. The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory (pp. 423–443). London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Howieson, D.B., Carlson, N.E., Moore, M.M., Wasserman, D., Abendroth, C.D., Payne-Murphy, J., & Kaye, J.A. (2008). Trajectory of mild cognitive impairment onset. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(2), 192–198. doi: 10.1017/S1355617708080375 Google Scholar
Hsu, Y.H., Huang, C.F., Tu, M.C., & Hua, M.S. (2014). The clinical utility of informants’ appraisals on prospective and retrospective memory in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One, 9(11), e112210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112210 Google Scholar
Hulur, G., Hertzog, C., Pearman, A., Ram, N., & Gerstorf, D. (2014). Longitudinal associations of subjective memory with memory performance and depressive symptoms: Between-person and within-person perspectives. Psychology and Aging, 29(4), 814–827. doi: 10.1037/a0037619 Google Scholar
Hulur, G., Hertzog, C., Pearman, A.M., & Gerstorf, D. (2015). Correlates and moderators of change in subjective memory and memory performance: Findings from the health and retirement study. Gerontology, 61(3), 232–240. doi: 10.1159/000369010 Google Scholar
Ivnik, R.J., Malec, J.F., Tangalos, E.G., Petersen, R.C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L.T. (1992). Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies: Updated RAVLT norms for ages 56 to 97. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 83–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessen, F., Amariglio, R.E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., & Chetelat, G., … Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative Working Goup. (2014). A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10(6), 844–852. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001 Google Scholar
Johnson, S.C., La Rue, A., Hermann, B.P., Xu, G., Koscik, R.L., Jonaitis, E.M., & Sager, M.A. (2011). The effect of TOMM40 Poly-T length on gray matter volume and cognition in middle-aged persons with APOE ε3/ε3 genotype. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(4), 456–465. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.11.012 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonaitis, E., La Rue, A., Mueller, K.D., Koscik, R.L., Hermann, B., & Sager, M.A. (2013). Cognitive activities and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Psychology and Aging, 28(4), 1004–1014. doi: 10.1037/a0034838 Google Scholar
Jorm, A. (2004). The Informant Questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): A review. International Psychogeriatrics, 16(03), 275–293.Google Scholar
Jorm, A., Christensen, H., Henderson, A., Jacomb, P., Korten, A., & Mackinnon, A. (1996). Informant ratings of cognitive decline of elderly people: Relationship to longitudinal change on cognitive tests. Age and Ageing, 25(2), 125–129.Google Scholar
Jorm, A., & Jacomb, P.A. (1989). The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychological Medicine, 19(4), 1015–1022.Google Scholar
Jorm, A., Scott, R., Cullen, J., & MacKinnon, A. (1991). Performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia. Psychological Medicine, 21(03), 785–790.Google Scholar
Karp, A., Kareholt, I., Qiu, C., Bellander, T., Winblad, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2004). Relation of education and occupation-based socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 159(2), 175–183.Google Scholar
Kawas, C., Segal, J., Stewart, W.F., Corrada, M., & Thal, L.J. (1994). A validation study of the dementia questionnaire. Archives of Neurology, 51(9), 901–906. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1994.00540210073015 Google Scholar
Koscik, R.L., La Rue, A., Jonaitis, E.M., Okonkwo, O.C., Johnson, S.C., Bendlin, B.B., & Sager, M.A. (2014). Emergence of mild cognitive impairment in late middle-aged adults in the wisconsin registry for Alzheimer’s prevention. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 38(1–2), 16–30. doi: 10.1159/000355682 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kryscio, R.J., Abner, E.L., Cooper, G.E., Fardo, D.W., Jicha, G.A., Nelson, P.T., & Schmitt, F.A. (2014). Self-reported memory complaints Implications from a longitudinal cohort with autopsies. Neurology, 83(15), 1359–1365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
La Rue, A., Small, G., McPherson, S., Komo, S., Matsuyama, S.S., & Jarvik, L.F. (1996). Subjective memory loss in age-associated memory impairment: Family history and neuropsychological correlates. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 3(2), 132–140. doi: 10.1080/13825589608256618 Google Scholar
Laird, N.M., & Ware, J.H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38, 963–974.Google Scholar
Lane, C.J., & Zelinski, E.M. (2003). Longitudinal hierarchical linear models of the memory functioning questionnaire. Psychology and Aging, 18(1), 38–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehrner, J., Moser, D., Klug, S., Gleiß, A., Auff, E., Dal-Bianco, P., & Pusswald, G. (2014). Subjective memory complaints, depressive symptoms and cognition in patients attending a memory outpatient clinic. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(03), 463–473.Google Scholar
Letenneur, L., Launer, J., Andersen, K., Dewey, M., Ott, A., Copeland, J., & Brayne, C. (2000). Education and risk for Alzheimer’s disease: Sex makes a difference EURODEM Pooled Analyses. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(11), 1064–1071.Google Scholar
Lineweaver, T.T., Bondi, M.W., Galasko, D., & Salmon, D.P. (2014). Effect of knowledge of APOE genotype on subjective and objective memory performance in healthy older adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(2), 201–208. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12121590 Google Scholar
Mascherek, A., & Zimprich, D. (2011). Correlated change in memory complaints and memory performance across 12 years. Psychology and Aging, 26(4), 884–889. doi: 10.1037/a0023156 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherson, S., La Rue, A., Fitz, A., Matsuyama, S., & Jarvik, L.F. (1995). Self-reports of memory problems in relatives of patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 7(3), 367–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, A.J., Beaumont, H., Ferguson, D., Yadegarfar, M., & Stubbs, B. (2014). Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: Meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 130(6), 439–451. doi: 10.1111/acps.12336 Google Scholar
Morris, J.C. (2005). Early-stage and preclinical Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 19(3), 163–165.Google Scholar
Parisi, J.M., Gross, A.L., Rebok, G.W., Saczynski, J.S., Crowe, M., Cook, S.E., & Unverzagt, F.W. (2011). Modeling change in memory performance and memory perceptions: Findings from the ACTIVE study. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 518–524. doi: 10.1037/a0022458 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearman, A., Hertzog, C., & Gerstorf, D. (2014). Little evidence for links between memory complaints and memory performance in very old age: Longitudinal analyses from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 29(4), 828–842. doi: 10.1037/a0037141 Google Scholar
Qiu, C., Bäckman, L., Winblad, B., Agüero-Torres, H., & Fratiglioni, L. (2001). The influence of education on clinically diagnosed dementia incidence and mortality data from the Kungsholmen Project. Archives of Neurology, 58(12), 2034–2039.Google Scholar
Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A Self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306 Google Scholar
Rajan, K.B., Wilson, R.S., Weuve, J., Barnes, L.L., & Evans, D.A. (2015). Cognitive impairment 18 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology, 85, 898–904. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001774 Google Scholar
Reitan, R.M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8(3), 271–276.Google Scholar
Rey, A. (1964). L’Examen Clinique en Psychologie (Clinical Psychology Review). Paris: Press Universitaire de France.Google Scholar
Risacher, S.L., Kim, S., Nho, K., Foroud, T., Shen, L., Petersen, R.C., & Koeppe, R.A. (2015). APOE effect on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in older adults with significant memory concern. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(12), 1417–1429.Google Scholar
Sager, M.A., Hermann, B., & La Rue, A. (2005). Middle-aged children of persons with Alzheimer’s disease: APOE genotypes and cognitive function in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 18(4), 245–249. doi: 10.1177/0891988705281882 Google Scholar
Samieri, C., Proust-Lima, C., Glymour, M.M., Okereke, O.I., Amariglio, R.E., Sperling, R.A., & Grodstein, F. (2014). Subjective cognitive concerns, episodic memory, and the APOE ε4 allele. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10(6), 752–759. e751.Google Scholar
Small, G.W., Chen, S.T., Komo, S., Ercoli, L., Miller, K., Siddarth, P., & Bookheimer, S.Y. (2001). Memory self-appraisal and depressive symptoms in people at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(11), 1071–1077. doi: 10.1002/gps.481 Google Scholar
Snitz, B.E., Morrow, L.A., Rodriguez, E.G., Huber, K.A., & Saxton, J.A. (2008). Subjective memory complaints and concurrent memory performance in older patients of primary care providers. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(6), 1004.Google Scholar
Snitz, B.E., Small, B.J., Wang, T., Chang, C.-C.H., Hughes, T.F., & Ganguli, M. (2015). Do subjective memory complaints lead or follow objective cognitive change? A five-year population study of temporal influence. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 21(09), 732–742.Google Scholar
Stern, Y., Albert, S., Tang, M.-X., & Tsai, W.-Y. (1999). Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation Cognitive reserve? Neurology, 53(9), 1942–1947.Google Scholar
Stern, Y., Gurland, B., Tatemichi, T.K., Tang, M.X., Wilder, D., & Mayeux, R. (1994). Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA, 271(13), 1004–1010.Google Scholar
Tsai, D.H., Green, R.C., Benke, K.S., Silliman, R.A., & Farrer, L.A. (2006). Predictors of subjective memory complaint in cognitively normal relatives of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 18, 384–388.Google Scholar
van Oijen, M., de Jong, F.J., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P.J., & Breteler, M.M. (2007). Subjective memory complaints, education, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 3(2), 92–97.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, G. (1993). The Wide Range Achievement Test: Manual (3rd ed.). Wilmington, DE: Jastak Association.Google Scholar
Zelinski, E.M., Burnight, K.P., & Lane, C.J. (2001). The relationship between subjective and objective memory in the oldest old: Comparisons of findings from a representative and a convenience sample. Journal of Aging and Health, 13(2), 248–266.Google Scholar
Zelinski, E.M., Gilewski, M.J., & Anthony-Bergstone, C.R. (1990). Memory Functioning Questionnaire: Concurrent validity with memory performance and self-reported memory failures. Psychology and Aging, 5(3), 388–399.Google Scholar
Zimprich, D., & Kurtz, T. (2015). Subjective and objective memory changes in old age across five years. Gerontology, 61(3), 223–231.Google Scholar