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Lower prospective memory is associated with higher neurocognitive dispersion in two samples of people with HIV: A conceptual replication study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2023

Andrea I. Mustafa Open the ORCID record for Andrea I. Mustafa [Opens in a new window] ,
Steven Paul Woods Open the ORCID record for Steven Paul Woods [Opens in a new window] ,
Shayne Loft  and
Erin E. Morgan
Andrea I. Mustafa
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA
Steven Paul Woods*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Shayne Loft
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Erin E. Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA,
*
Corresponding author: Steven Paul Woods, Email: spwoods@uh.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

People living with HIV (PLWH) often experience deficits in the strategic/executive aspects of prospective memory (PM) that can interfere with instrumental activities of daily living. This study used a conceptual replication design to determine whether cognitive intraindividual variability, as measured by dispersion (IIV-dispersion), contributes to PM performance and symptoms among PLWH.

Methods:

Study 1 included 367 PLWH who completed a comprehensive clinical neuropsychological test battery, the Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT), and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Study 2 included 79 older PLWH who completed the Cogstate cognitive battery, the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), an experimental measure of time-based PM, and the PRMQ. In both studies, a mean-adjusted coefficient of variation was derived to measure IIV-dispersion using normative T-scores from the cognitive battery.

Results:

Higher IIV-dispersion was significantly associated with lower time-based PM performance at small-to-medium effect sizes in both studies (mean r s  = −0.30). The relationship between IIV-dispersion and event-based PM performance was comparably small in magnitude in both studies (r s  = −0.19, −0.20), but it was only statistically significant in Study 1. IIV-dispersion showed very small, nonsignificant relationships with self-reported PM symptoms in both samples (r s < 0.10).

Conclusions:

Extending prior work in healthy adults, these findings suggest that variability in performance across a cognitive battery contributes to laboratory-based PM accuracy, but not perceived PM symptoms, among PLWH. Future studies might examine whether daily fluctuations in cognition or other aspects of IIV (e.g., inconsistency) play a role in PM failures in everyday life.

Keywords

memory for intentionsinfectionexecutive functionsvariabilityneuropsychological assessmenthuman immunodeficiency virus
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , August 2023 , pp. 677 - 685
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2023

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