Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T19:35:44.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measurement of cerebral perfusion with arterial spin labeling: Part 1. Methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2007

THOMAS T. LIU  and
GREGORY G. BROWN
THOMAS T. LIU
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
GREGORY G. BROWN
Affiliation:
Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that provides a highly repeatable quantitative measure of cerebral blood flow (CBF). As compared to the more commonly used blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast-based methods, ASL techniques measure a more biologically specific correlate of neural activity, with the potential for more accurate estimation of the location and magnitude of neural function. Recent advances in acquisition and analysis methods have improved the somewhat limited sensitivity of ASL to perfusion changes associated with neural activity. In addition, ASL perfusion measures are insensitive to the low-frequency fluctuations commonly observed in BOLD experiments and can make use of imaging sequences that are less sensitive than BOLD contrast to signal loss caused by magnetic susceptibility effects. ASL measures of perfusion can aid in the interpretation of the BOLD signal change and, when combined with BOLD, can measure the change in oxygen utilization accompanying changes in behavioral state. Whether used alone to probe neural activity or in combination with BOLD techniques, ASL methods are contributing to the field's understanding of healthy and disordered brain function. (JINS, 2007, 13, 517–525.)

Keywords

fMRI; Cerebrovascular circulationCerebral cortexBrainRegional blood flowMicrocirculation
Type
CRITICAL REVIEW
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , May 2007 , pp. 517 - 525
Copyright
© 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aguirre, G.K., Detre, J.A., & Wang, J. (2005). Perfusion fMRI for functional neuroimaging. International Review of Neurobiology, 66, 213–236.Google Scholar
Aguirre, G.K., Detre, J.A., Zarahn, E., & Alsop, D.C. (2002). Experimental design and the relative sensitivity of BOLD and perfusion fMRI. NeuroImage, 15, 488–500.Google Scholar
Alsop, D.C. (2005). Perfusion imaging of the brain: Contribution to clinical MRI. In R.R. Edelman, J.R. Hesselink, M.B. Zlatkin, & J.V. Cures III (Eds.), Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (3rd ed.), Vol. 1 (pp. 333–357). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Buxton, R.B. (2002). Introduction to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Buxton, R.B., Frank, L.R., Wong, E.C., Siewert, B., Warach, S., & Edelman, R.R. (1998a). A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 40, 383–396.Google Scholar
Buxton, R.B., Wong, E.C., & Frank, L.R. (1998b). Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: The balloon model. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 39, 855–864.Google Scholar
Calamante, F., Thomas, D.L., Pell, G.S., Wiersma, J., & Turner, R. (1999). Measuring cerebral blood flow using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 19, 701–735.Google Scholar
Dale, A.M. & Buckner, R.L. (1997). Selective averaging of rapidly presented individual trials using fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 5, 329–340.Google Scholar
Davis, T.L., Kwong, K.K., Weisskoff, R.M., & Rosen, B.R. (1998). Calibrated functional MRI: Mapping the dynamics of oxidative metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 95, 1834–1839.Google Scholar
D'Esposito, M., Deouell, L.Y., & Gazzaley, A. (2003). Alterations in the BOLD fMRI signal with ageing and disease: A challenge for neuroimaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, 863–872.Google Scholar
Detre, J.A., Leigh, J.S., Williams, D.S., & Koretsky, A.P. (1992). Perfusion imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 23, 37–45.Google Scholar
Duhamel, G. & Alsop, D.C. (2004). Single-shot susceptibility insensitive whole brain 3D fMRI with ASL. Paper presented at the 12th ISMRM Scientific Meeting, Kyoto, Japan.
Duyn, J.H., Tan, C.X., van Gelderen, P., & Yongbi, M.N. (2001). High-sensitivity single-shot perfusion-weighted fMRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 46, 88–94.Google Scholar
Edelman, R.R., Siewert, B., Darby, D.G., Thangaraj, V., Nobre, A.C., Mesulam, M.M., & Warach, S. (1994). Qualitative mapping of cerebral blood flow and functional localization with echo-planar MR imaging and signal targeting with alternating radio frequency. Radiology, 192, 513–520.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Seara, M.A., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Rao, H., Guenther, M., Feinberg, D.A., & Detre, J.A. (2005). Continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements using single shot 3D GRASE at 3T. Paper presented at the 13th ISMRM Scientific Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.
Garcia, D.M., Bazelaire, C.D., & Alsop, D. (2005). Pseudo-continuous flow drive adiabatic inversion for arterial spin labeling. Paper presented at the 13th ISMRM Scientific Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.
Guyton, A.C. (1977). Basic human physiology: Normal function and mechanisms of disease (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company.
Hernandez-Garcia, L., Lee, G.R., Vazquez, A.L., Yip, C.Y., & Noll, D.C. (2005). Quantification of perfusion fMRI using a numerical model of arterial spin labeling that accounts for dynamic transit time effects. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 54, 955–964.Google Scholar
Hoge, R.D., Atkinson, J., Gill, B., Crelier, G.R., Marrett, S., & Pike, G.B. (1999). Linear coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in activated human cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 96, 9403–9408.Google Scholar
Hyder, F. (2004). Neuroimaging with calibrated FMRI. Stroke, 35 (Suppl. 1), 2635–2641.Google Scholar
Kim, S.-G. & Duong, T.Q. (2002). Mapping cortical columnar structures using fMRI. Physiology & Behavior, 77, 641–644.Google Scholar
Kim, S.-G. & Tsekos, N.V. (1997). Perfusion imaging by a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique: Application to functional brain imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 37, 425–435.Google Scholar
Kwong, K.K., Chesler, D.A., Weisskoff, R.M., Donahue, K.M., Davis, T.L., Ostergaard, L., Campbell, T.A., & Rosen, B.R. (1995). MR perfusion studies with T1-weighted echo planar imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 34, 878–87.Google Scholar
Liu, T.T. & Wong, E.C. (2005). A signal processing model for arterial spin labeling functional MRI. NeuroImage, 24, 207–215.Google Scholar
Liu, T.T., Wong, E.C., Frank, L.R., & Buxton, R.B. (2002). Analysis and design of perfusion-based event-related fMRI experiments. NeuroImage, 16, 269–282.Google Scholar
Lu, H., Golay, X., Pekar, J.J., & Van Zijl, P.C. (2004). Sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 24, 764–770.Google Scholar
Luh, W.M., Wong, E.C., Bandettini, P.A., Ward, B.D., & Hyde, J.S. (2000). Comparison of simultaneously measured perfusion and BOLD signal increases during brain activation with T(1)-based tissue identification. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 44, 137–143.Google Scholar
Kemeny, S., Ye, F.Q., Birn, R., & Braun, A.R. (2005). Comparison of continuous overt speech fMRI using BOLD and arterial spin labeling. Human Brain Mapping, 24, 173–183.Google Scholar
Meier, P. & Zierler, K.L. (1954). On the theory of the indicator-dilution method for measurement of blood flow and volume. Journal of Applied Physiology, 6, 731–744.Google Scholar
Miller, K.L., Luh, W.M., Liu, T.T., Martinez, A., Obata, T., Wong, E.C., Frank, L.R., & Buxton, R.B. (2001). Nonlinear temporal dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response. Human Brain Mapping, 13, 1–12.Google Scholar
Mumford, J.A., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Lee, G.R., & Nichols, T.A. (2006). Estimation efficiency and statistical power in arterial spin labeling fMRI. NeuroImage, 33, 103–114.Google Scholar
Obata, T., Liu, T.T., Miller, K.L., Luh, W.M., Wong, E.C., Frank, L.R., & Buxton, R.B. (2004). Discrepancies between BOLD and flow dynamics in primary and supplementary motor areas: Application of the balloon model to the interpretation of BOLD transients. NeuroImage, 21, 144–153.Google Scholar
Ogawa, S., Lee, T.-M., Stepnoski, R., Chen, W., Zhu, X.-H., & Ugurbil, K. (2000). An approach to probe some neural systems interaction by functional MRI at neural time scale down to milliseconds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. USA, 97, 11026–11031.Google Scholar
Parkes, L.M. (2005). Quantification of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling: Two-compartment models. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 22, 732–736.Google Scholar
Parkes, LM. & Tofts, P.S. (2002). Improved accuracy of human cerebral blood perfusion measurements using arterial spin labeling: Accounting for capillary water permeability. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 48, 27–41.Google Scholar
Restom, K., Behzadi, Y., & Liu, T.T. (2006). Physiological noise reduction for arterial spin labeling functional MRI. NeuroImage, 31, 1104–1115.Google Scholar
Roy, C.S. & Sherrington, C.S. (1890). On the regulation of the blood-supply of the brain. The Journal of Physiology, 11, 85–108.Google Scholar
St. Lawrence, K.S., Frank, J.A., Bandettini, P.A., & Ye, F.Q. (2005). Noise reduction in multi-slice arterial spin tagging imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 53, 735–738.Google Scholar
Tjandra, T., Brooks, J.C., Figueiredo, P., Wise, R., Matthews, P.M., & Tracey, I. (2005). Quantitative assessment of the reproducibility of functional activation measured with BOLD and MR perfusion imaging: Implications for clinical trial design. NeuroImage, 27, 393–401.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Aguirre, G.K., Kimberg, D.Y., Roc, A.C., Li, L., & Detre, J.A. (2003). Arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI with very low task frequency. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 49, 796–802.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Rao, H., Wetmore, G.S., Furlan, P.M., Korczykowski, M., Dinges, D.F., & Detre, J.A. (2005). Perfusion functional MRI reveals cerebral blood flow pattern under psychological stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 102, 17804–17809.Google Scholar
Warner, D.S., Kassell, N.F., & Boarini, D.J. (1987). Microsphere cerebral blood flow determination. In J.H. Wood (Ed.), Cerebral blood flow: Physiologic and clinical aspects (pp. 288–298). New York: McGraw-Hill Company.
Williams, D.S., Detre, J.A., Leigh, J.S., & Koretsky, A.P. (1992). Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 89, 212–216.Google Scholar
Wintermark, M., Sesay, M., Barbier, E., Borbely, K., Dillon, W.P., Eastwood, J.D., Glenn, T.C., Grandin, C.B., Pedraza, S., Soustiel, J.F., Nariai, T., Zaharchuk, G., Caille, J.M., Dousset, V., & Yonas, H. (2005). Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques. Journal of Neuroradiology, 32, 294–314.Google Scholar
Wong, E.C., Buxton, R.B., & Frank, L.R. (1997). Implementation of quantitative perfusion imaging techniques for functional brain mapping using pulsed arterial spin labeling. NMR in Biomedicine, 10, 237–249.Google Scholar
Wong, E.C., Buxton, R.B., & Frank, L.R. (1998a). Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction (QUIPSS and QUIPSS II). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 39, 702–708.Google Scholar
Wong, E.C., Buxton, R.B., & Frank, L.R. (1998b). A theoretical and experimental comparison of continuous and pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques for quantitative perfusion imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 40, 348–355.Google Scholar
Wong, E.C., Cronin, M., Wu, W.C., Inglis, B., Frank, L.R., & Liu, T.T. (2006). Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 55, 1334–1341.Google Scholar
Wong, E.C., Liu, T.T., Frank, L.R., & Buxton, R.B. (2001). Close tag, short TR continuous ASL for functional brain mapping: High temporal resolution ASL with a BOLD sized signal at 1.5T. Paper presented at the Ninth Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Wong, E.C., Luh, W.M., & Liu, T.T. (2000). Turbo ASL: Arterial spin labeling with higher SNR and temporal resolution. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 44, 511–515.Google Scholar
Woolrich, M.W., Chiarelli, P., Gallichan, D., Perthen, J., & Liu, T.T. (2006). Inferring blood volume, blood flow, and blood oxygenation changes from functional ASL data. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 56, 891–906.Google Scholar
Ye, F.Q., Matay, V.S., Jezzard, P., Frank, J.A., Weinberger, D.R., & McLaughlin, A.C. (1997). Correction for vascular artifacts in cerebral blood flow values measured by using arterial spin tagging techniques. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 37, 226–235.Google Scholar