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Neuropsychological Trajectories Associated with Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Prospective 14-Year Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2019

M. Alejandra Infante Open the ORCID record for M. Alejandra Infante [Opens in a new window] ,
Tam T. Nguyen-Louie ,
Matthew Worley ,
Kelly E. Courtney ,
Clarisa Coronado  and
Joanna Jacobus
M. Alejandra Infante
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Tam T. Nguyen-Louie
Affiliation:
Cogstate Ltd., New Haven, CT, USA
Matthew Worley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Kelly E. Courtney
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Clarisa Coronado
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Joanna Jacobus*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Joanna Jacobus, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. E-mail: jjacobus@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

Alcohol and cannabis remain the substances most widely used by adolescents. Better understanding of the dynamic relationship between trajectories of substance use in relation to neuropsychological functioning is needed. The aim of this study was to examine the different impacts of within- and between-person changes in alcohol and cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning over multiple time points.

Methods:

Hierarchical linear modeling examined the effects of alcohol and cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning over the course of 14 years in a sample of 175 adolescents (aged 12–15 years at baseline).

Results:

Time-specific fluctuations in alcohol use (within-person effect) predicted worse performance across time on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Block Design subtest (B = −.05, SE = .02, p = .01). Greater mean levels of percent days of cannabis use across time (between-person effect) were associated with an increased contrast score between Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Color Word Inhibition and Color Naming conditions (B = .52, SE = .14, p < .0001) and poorer performance over time on Block Design (B = −.08, SE = .04, p = .03). Neither alcohol and/nor cannabis use over time was associated with performance in the verbal memory and processing speed domains.

Conclusions:

Greater cumulative cannabis use over adolescence may be linked to poorer inhibitory control and visuospatial functioning performance, whereas more proximal increases in alcohol consumption during adolescence may drive alcohol-related performance decrements in visuospatial functioning. Results from this prospective study add to the growing body of literature on the impact of alcohol and cannabis use on cognition from adolescent to young adulthood.

Keywords

AdolescenceAlcoholCannabisNeuropsychological trajectoriesInhibitory controlVisuospatial functioning
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 5 , May 2020 , pp. 480 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019

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