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Verbal Initiation, Suppression, and Strategy Use and the Relationship with Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2016

Andrew K. Martin ,
Emily C. Gibson ,
Bryan Mowry  and
Gail A. Robinson
Andrew K. Martin*
Affiliation:
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Emily C. Gibson
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Bryan Mowry
Affiliation:
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Gail A. Robinson
Affiliation:
Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Andrew K. Martin, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. E-mail: a.martin11@uq.edu.au
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Abstract

Objectives: Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulties on measures of executive functioning such as initiation and suppression of responses and strategy development and implementation. The current study thoroughly examines performance on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT) in individuals with schizophrenia, introducing novel analyses based on initiation errors and strategy use, and association with lifetime clinical symptoms. Methods: The HSCT was administered to individuals with schizophrenia (N=77) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N=45), along with background cognitive tests. The standard HSCT clinical measures (initiation response time, suppression response time, suppression errors), composite initiation and suppression error scores, and strategy-based responses were calculated. Lifetime clinical symptoms [formal thought disorder (FTD), positive, negative] were calculated using the Lifetime Dimensions of Psychosis Scale. Results: After controlling for baseline cognitive differences, individuals with schizophrenia were significantly impaired on the suppression response time and suppression error scales. For the novel analyses, individuals with schizophrenia produced a greater number of initiation errors and subtly wrong errors, and produced fewer responses indicative of developing an appropriate strategy. Strategy use was negatively correlated with FTD symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusions: The current study provides further evidence for deficits in the initiation and suppression of verbal responses in individuals with schizophrenia. Moreover, an inability to attain a strategy at least partly contributes to increased semantically connected errors when attempting to suppress responses. The association between strategy use and FTD points to the involvement of executive deficits in disorganized speech in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2016, 22, 735–743)

Keywords

SchizophreniaInitiationSuppressionFormal thought disorderDisorganized speechHayling sentence completion task
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Issue 7 , August 2016 , pp. 735 - 743
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

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