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Integrating genetic, phenotypic and ecological analyses to assess the variation and clarify the distribution of the Cortes geoduck (Panopea globosa)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2012

Pablo de Jesús Suárez-Moo ,
Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera ,
Héctor Reyes-Bonilla ,
Gabriela Díaz-Erales ,
Verónica Castañeda-Fernandez-de-Lara ,
Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega  and
Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
Pablo de Jesús Suárez-Moo
Affiliation:
Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México
Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera
Affiliation:
Fisheries and Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Department of Marine Ecology, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México
Héctor Reyes-Bonilla
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur KM 5.5, A.P. 19-B, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23080, México
Gabriela Díaz-Erales
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur KM 5.5, A.P. 19-B, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23080, México
Verónica Castañeda-Fernandez-de-Lara
Affiliation:
Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera, La Paz, Carretera a Pichilingue KM1, S/N Col. Esterito, La Paz, B.C.S. 23020, México
Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Unidad Guaymas, Km 2.35 Camino al Tular, Estero de Bacochibampo, Guaymas, Sonora 85454, México
Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares*
Affiliation:
Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A. Rocha-Olivares, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México email: arocha@cicese.mx
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Abstract

The Cortes geoduck (Panopea globosa) has been considered a Gulf of California (GC) endemic but anecdotal and unpublished evidence has suggested its presence in Bahía Magdalena (BM), on the Pacific coast of southern Baja California. Establishing the identity of geoduck clams and their distribution limits is not only of clear biological significance to understand their structural and functional variation, but is also of consequence for their conservation and management, given the multi-million dollar fishery they support in north-west Mexico. We analysed Panopea clams from Mexican populations, including BM, using an integrative approach including genetics, morphometrics, and an ecological niche model. Our genetic results (restriction fragment length polymorphisms of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences) clearly identify BM geoducks as P. globosa, implying a significant geographical range expansion outside of the GC and refuting its status as endemic to the Gulf. On the other hand, clams from BM were phenotypically different (shell significantly higher) from other Mexican P. globosa and Panopea generosa specimens, which may account for the confusion in their morphological identification. The ecological niche model for P. globosa, integrating ecological and distributional data from the GC, revealed a very low probability (<10%) that this species could successfully occupy BM. Our results and those of others suggest that the Cortes geoduck population in BM may be adapted to specific environmental conditions differing from those experienced by conspecifics inside the Gulf and is likely isolated. This is highly relevant for the management plans of Mexican geoducks.

Keywords

Cortes geoduckPanopea globosaPanopea generosaBahía Magdalenapolymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphismGulf of Californiacytochrome c oxidase subunit Iecological niche modelmaximum entropy model
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 93 , Issue 3 , May 2013 , pp. 809 - 816
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2012

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