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Morphological and molecular systematics of the ‘Cliona viridis complex’ from south-eastern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2015

Camille V. Leal ,
Thiago S. De Paula Open the ORCID record for Thiago S. De Paula [Opens in a new window] ,
Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu ,
Christine H. L. Schönberg  and
Eduardo L. Esteves
Camille V. Leal
Affiliation:
Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Thiago S. De Paula
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 – PHLC – Sala 205, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 – PHLC – Sala 205, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Christine H. L. Schönberg
Affiliation:
The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute (MO96), 39 Fairway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia
Eduardo L. Esteves*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 – PHLC – Sala 520, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:E.L. Esteves, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 – PHLC – Sala 520, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil email: edlealesteves@yahoo.com.br
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Abstract

Bioeroding sponges of the Cliona viridis species complex play a large role in carbonate cycling and reef health. In the present study we provide the first record and a description of a Mediterranean lineage of C. viridis (Schmidt, 1862) in the south-western Atlantic. Specimens were collected in Maricás Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro State in September 2010 by scuba diving at 10–12 m depth and deposited in the Porifera collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Morphologically, the specimens presently examined are very similar to those described in the beta and gamma growth form from the Mediterranean. The Brazilian and Mediterranean specimens share large and irregular papillae over 2 cm in diameter, megasclere tylostyles up to 500 µm long and microsclere spirasters with up to five twists and 34 µm long. A Maximum Likelihood analysis of 28S rDNA of C. viridis, C. aprica, C. jullieni, C. schmidti and C. varians was performed for a genetic identification of the Brazilian specimens. The Brazilian material is phylogenetically closer to the Mediterranean C. viridis than to the Caribbean and Indian Ocean members of this species complex included in the present analysis. Our results suggest that C. viridis is a cryptogenic species with a distribution extending from the Mediterranean to the eastern Atlantic and in the SE Brazilian coast or further.

Keywords

Poriferaexcavating spongesCliona viridiscryptogenic species28S rRNAmolecular taxonomydistributionBrazil
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 2: Proceedings of the 9th World Sponge Conference held in Fremantle Australia in 2013: New Frontiers in Sponge Science , March 2016 , pp. 313 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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