Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:24:51.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An investigation of ECM secreting structures in the gastrula of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2010

Arkadiy Reunov*
Affiliation:
A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky St., 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
Bruce Crawford
Affiliation:
University of Victoria, Division of Medical Science, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A. Reunov, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky St., 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia email: arkadiy_reunov@hotmail.com

Abstract

To highlight the diversity of extracellular embryonic matrix (ECM) secreting structures in the gastrulae of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus the localization of antibody generated to hyaline layer, was studied. It was shown that hyaline layer epitope takes place in the cortical granules. Moreover, this material was revealed in secretory vacuoles and secretory vesicles which are situated in the apical parts of ectoderm cells. Besides, the same molecules were found in the yolk granules having loosened content. It seems likely that in P. ochraceus the ECM is secreted by four types of secretory structures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Campbell, S.S. and Crawford, B.J. (1991) Ultrastructural study of the hyaline layer of the starfish embryo, Pisaster ochraceus. Anatomical Record 231, 125135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, S.S., Crawford, B.J. and Reimer, C.L. (1991) A simple ethanol based freeze substitution technique for marine invertebrate embryos which allows retention of antigenicity. Journal of Microscopy 164, 197215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cervello, M. and Matranga, V. (1989) Evidence of a precursor–product relationship between vitellogenin and toposome, a glycoprotein complex mediating cell adhesion. Cell Differentiation and Development 26, 6776.Google Scholar
Crawford, B.J. and Abed, M. (1986) The role of the basal lamina in mouth formation in the embryo of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus. Journal of Morphology 176, 235246.Google Scholar
Crawford, B.J. and Burke, R.D. (2004) TEM and SEM methods. In Ettensohn, C.A, Wessel, G.M. and Wray, G.A. (eds) Methods in cell biology. Volume 74. New York: Academic Press, pp. 411441.Google Scholar
Crawford, B.J., Campbell, S.S. and Reimer, C.L. (1997) Ultrastructure and synthesis of the extracellular matrix of Pisaster ochraceus embryos preserved by freeze substitution. Journal of Morphology 232, 133153.Google Scholar
Gratwohl, E.K., Kellenberger, E., Lorand, L. and Noll, H. (1991) Storage, ultrastructural targeting and function of toposomes and hyalin in sea urchins embryogenesis. Mechanisms of Development 33, 127138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayley, M., Perera, A. and Robinson, J.J. (2006) Biochemical analysis of a Ca2+-dependent membrane–membrane interaction mediated by the sea urchin yolk granule protein, toposome. Development, Growth and Differentiation 48, 401409.Google Scholar
Leanne, B.S. and Lennarz, W.J. (1989) Structure of a major yolk glycoprotein and its processing pathway by limited proteolysis are conserved in echinoids. Developmental Biology 132, 91102.Google Scholar
Maghsoodi, B. and Crawford, B.J. (2005) PM-2: an ECM epitope necessary for morphogenesis in embryos of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus. Journal of Morphology 263, 310321.Google Scholar
Mallya, S.K., Partin, J.S., Valdizan, M.C. and Lennarz, W.J. (1992) Proteolysis of the major yolk glycoproteins is regulated by acidification of the yolk platelets in sea urchin embryos. Journal of Cell Biology 117, 12111221.Google Scholar
Mayne, J. and Robinson, J.J. (1998) The sea urchin egg yolk granule is a storage compartment for HCL-32, an extracellular matrix protein. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 76, 8388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayne, J. and Robinson, J.J. (2002) Localization and functional role of a 41 kDa collagenase/gelatinase activity expressed in the sea urchin embryo. Development, Growth and Differentiation 44, 345356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noll, H., Matranga, V., Cervello, M., Humphreys, T., Kuwasaki, B. and Adelson, D. (1985) Characterization of toposomes from sea urchin blastula cells: a cell organelle mediating cell adhesion and expressing positional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82, 80628066.Google Scholar
Pang, T., Crawford, B.J. and Campbell, S.S. (2002) Ultrastructural aspects of the development of the hyaline layer and extracellular matrix lining the gastrointestinal tract in embryos and larvae of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus preserved by freeze substitution. Journal of Morphology 251, 169181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pang, T., Crawford, B.J. and Maghsoodi, B. (2003) Synthesis and secretion of molecules exhibiting the HL1 epitope during development of the hyaline layer of the asteroid Pisaster ochraceus. Journal of Morphology 255, 5868.Google Scholar
Reimer, C.L. (1994) Characterization of starfish yolk and cortical granule proteins and of a novel extracellular proteoglycan implicated in digestive tract morphogenesis. PhD thesis. Department of Anatomy, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Reimer, C.L. and Crawford, B.J. (1995) Identification and partial characterization of yolk and cortical granule proteins in eggs and embryos of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus. Developmental Biology 167, 439457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slot, J.W. and Geuze, H.J. (1985) A new method of preparing gold probes for multiple-labeling cytochemistry. European Journal of Cell Biology 38, 8793.Google ScholarPubMed
Yokota, Y. and Kato, K.H. (1988) Degradation of yolk proteins in sea urchin eggs and embryos. Cell Differentiation 23, 191200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yokota, Y., Kato, K.H. and Mita, M. (1993) Morphological and biochemical studies on yolk degradation in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Zoological Science 10, 661670.Google Scholar